VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used
exclusively with verbs, it is not the case.
The Part value can be used also with adjectives.
It distinguishes participles from other verb forms,
and participial adjectives from other adjectives.
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. In Russian this applies to indicative and imperative forms, and to the special conditional forms of the auxiliary verb быть.
Examples
- несу, несёшь, несёт, несём, несёте, несут “I carry, you carry, he/she/it carries, we carry, you carry, they carry”
- неси, несите “carry” (imperative in different persons and numbers)
- буду, будешь, будет, будем, будете, будут “I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, you will be, they will be”
- будь, будьте “be” (imperative in different persons and numbers)
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs. It is also used with the auxiliary быть to form periphrastic future tense, and it appears as the argument of modal and other verbs.
Examples
- нести “to carry”
- быть “to be”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. Russian has two types of participles:
- The active past participle is used to form the active voice.
- The passive participle is used to form the passive voice.
Participles inflect for Gender and Number but not for Person.
Examples
- пишущий, пишущая, пишущее, пишущие “writing”
- писаный, писаная, писаное, писаные “carried”
Trans: transgressive
The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
Imperfective verbs form present transgressive, meaning “while doing”.
Perfective verbs form past transgressive, meaning “having done”.
Examples
- _неся;“carrying”)
-
принеся “having brought”
- они смотреля на меня держа ружья; “they stared at me while gripping their guns”
- приготовив обед, она позвала семью к столу; “having prepared the dinner, she called her family to the table”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This feature is universal but the values Conv are language-specific.
It occurs with 4 different values: Conv, Fin, Inf, Part.
8178 tokens (9%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
4391 types (16%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
1955 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: ru-pos/VERB (7208; 8% instances), ru-pos/AUX (970; 1% instances).
VERB
7208 ru-pos/VERB tokens (99% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Variant=EMPTY (6388; 89%), Person=EMPTY (5447; 76%), Case=EMPTY (5395; 75%), Animacy=EMPTY (5395; 75%), Number=Sing (4552; 63%), Mood=Ind (4389; 61%), Tense=Past (4104; 57%), Voice=EMPTY (4020; 56%), Gender=EMPTY (3925; 54%), Aspect=Imp (3727; 52%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(261; 4% of non-emptyVerbForm): включая, начиная, используя, говоря, выйдя, имея, выиграв, считая, чувствуя, ПроходяFin(4416; 61% of non-emptyVerbForm): составляет, может, получил, находится, входит, родился, имеет, есть, было, началInf(718; 10% of non-emptyVerbForm): быть, заниматься, использовать, сделать, найти, работать, играть, принимать, принять, создатьPart(1813; 25% of non-emptyVerbForm): расположен, назначен, основана, награждён, основан, расположена, расположено, принято, расположены, созданаEMPTY(95): можно, нет, надо, нужно, известно, необходимо, трудно, возможно, достаточно, интересно
| Paradigm ИМЕТЬ | Fin | Inf | Part | Conv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | имевших | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющей | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющему | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющего | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющих | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющим | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющий | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | имевшая | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющая | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | имеющие | |||
| иметь | имея | |||
| Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | имел | |||
| Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | имела | |||
| Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | имело | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | имеет | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | имеем | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres | имеют | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | имели |
AUX
970 ru-pos/AUX tokens (97% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (890; 92%), Aspect=Imp (836; 86%), Person=EMPTY (814; 84%), Voice=EMPTY (807; 83%), Tense=Past (754; 78%), Number=Sing (740; 76%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(20; 2% of non-emptyVerbForm): будучи, став, оставаясь, Чувствуя, Являясь, делая, считая, являвшисьFin(891; 92% of non-emptyVerbForm): был, было, были, была, является, стал, будет, являются, стала, сталоInf(39; 4% of non-emptyVerbForm): быть, стать, считать, Be, Признать, взобраться, оставаться, являтьсяPart(20; 2% of non-emptyVerbForm): назначен, ставшие, Ставшая, бывшего, бывшие, бывшим, исполнено, найден, остававшееся, предусмотренаEMPTY(33): это, –, движение, залы, мир, переключатель, песни, словно
| Paradigm БЫТЬ | Fin | Inf | Part | Conv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бывшего | |||
| Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бывшим | |||
| Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бывшие | |||
| быть | будучи | |||
| Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | был | |||
| Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | была | |||
| Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | было | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut | будет | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | есть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut | будут | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | были |
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (649; 86%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (195; 76%),
VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (111; 63%),
VERB –[acl:relcl]–> VERB (12; 63%),
VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (4; 80%),
VERB –[obl]–> VERB (3; 60%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (2; 67%),
VERB –[orphan]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This feature is universal but the values Conv are language-specific.
It occurs with 4 different values: Conv, Fin, Inf, Part.
117995 tokens (12%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
31597 types (29%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
5883 lemmas (15%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: ru-pos/VERB (110729; 11% instances), ru-pos/AUX (7266; 1% instances).
VERB
110729 ru-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Case=EMPTY (99160; 90%), Gender=EMPTY (77169; 70%), Voice=Act (76148; 69%), Person=EMPTY (74700; 67%), Mood=Ind (69379; 63%), Aspect=Imp (62831; 57%), Number=Sing (56828; 51%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(3510; 3% of non-emptyVerbForm): говоря, начиная, учитывая, судя, исходя, используя, глядя, имея, выступая, знаяFin(70244; 63% of non-emptyVerbForm): может, есть, нет, могут, было, является, стал, говорит, сказал, сталоInf(20637; 19% of non-emptyVerbForm): быть, сделать, сказать, делать, говорить, работать, получить, стать, иметь, понятьPart(16338; 15% of non-emptyVerbForm): связано, связаны, окружающей, сделано, связана, связанных, связан, сказано, полученные, принятоEMPTY(12): не, и.о.
| Paradigm быть | Fin | Inf | Part | Conv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | бывшую | |||
| Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | был | |||
| Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | была | |||
| Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | было | |||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2 | будь | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | есть, будет, е. | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | будем, есть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres | есть, будут | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | были | |||
| Tense=Pres | будучи | |||
| быть |
AUX
7266 ru-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Aspect=Imp (7266; 100%), Voice=Act (7266; 100%), Mood=Ind (6547; 90%), Person=EMPTY (5382; 74%), Number=Sing (4885; 67%), Tense=Past (4691; 65%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(41; 1% of non-emptyVerbForm): будучиFin(6570; 90% of non-emptyVerbForm): было, был, были, будет, была, будут, есть, будем, буду, будетеInf(650; 9% of non-emptyVerbForm): бытьPart(5; 0% of non-emptyVerbForm): бывшие, бывший, бывшем
| Paradigm быть | Fin | Inf | Part | Conv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | бывшем | |||
| Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | бывший | |||
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | бывшие | |||
| Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | был | |||
| Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | была | |||
| Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | было | |||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2 | будь | |||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2 | будьте | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | буду, есть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres | будешь | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | будет, есть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | будем | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres | будете, есть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres | будут, есть, суть | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | были | |||
| Tense=Pres | будучи | |||
| быть |
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (12233; 93%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (2926; 81%),
VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (489; 63%),
VERB –[acl]–> VERB (122; 60%),
VERB –[advmod]–> VERB (106; 67%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (26; 100%),
VERB –[amod]–> VERB (16; 89%),
VERB –[cc]–> VERB (14; 93%),
AUX –[cop]–> AUX (8; 100%),
VERB –[acl:relcl]–> VERB (3; 60%).
VerbForm in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]