orphan

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`orphan`: orphan in ellipsis

The orphan relation is used in cases of head ellipsis where simple promotion would result in unnatural and misleading dependency relation. The typical case is predicate ellipsis where one of the core arguments have to be promoted to clausal head.

Павел заказал говядину , а Мария свинину . \n Pavel  ordered beef and Maria pork .
nsubj(заказал, Павел)
nsubj(ordered, Pavel)
obj(заказал, говядину)
obj(ordered, beef)
conj(Павел, Мария)
conj(Pavel, Maria)
orphan(говядину, свинину)
orphan(beef, pork)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

This relation is universal.

81 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as orphan.

57 instances of orphan (70%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 4.14814814814815.

The following 29 pairs of parts of speech are connected with orphan: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (14; 17% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (10; 12% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADP (9; 11% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NOUN (7; 9% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADJ (4; 5% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADP (4; 5% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (3; 4% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (3; 4% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/SYM (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (1; 1% instances).

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# visual-style 14 18 orphan	color:blue
1	Эрзяне	ЭРЗЯНИН	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	принимали	ПРИНИМАТЬ	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	активное	АКТИВНЫЙ	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	4	amod	_	_
4	участие	УЧАСТИЕ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	в	В	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	восстании	ВОССТАНИЕ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	Степана	СТЕПАН	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
8	Разина	РАЗИН	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	а	А	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
11	позже	ПОЗЖЕ	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	и	И	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc:preconj	_	_
14	мокшане	МОКШАНИН	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	2	conj	_	orig_deprel=nsubj
15	и	И	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	эрзяне	ЭРЗЯНИН	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	--	--	PUNCT	--	_	18	punct	_	_
18	в	В	ADP	IN	_	14	orphan	_	orig_deprel=nmod
19	восстании	ВОССТАНИЕ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
20	Емельяна	ЕМЕЛЬЯН	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
21	Пугачёва	ПУГАЧЕВ	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

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1	В	В	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	1834	1834	ADJ	ORD	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	amod	_	_
3	г.	Г.	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	башкир	БАШКИР	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
5	было	БЫТЬ	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	239	239	NUM	CD	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	4	nummod:gov	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	(	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	15	15	NUM	CD	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	9	nummod:gov	_	_
9	дворов	ДВОР	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	)	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	тептярей	ТЕПТЯРЬ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	5	conj	_	orig_deprel=obl
13	--	--	PUNCT	--	_	15	punct	_	_
14	20	20	NUM	CD	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	15	nummod:gov	_	_
15	человек	ЧЕЛОВЕК	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	12	orphan	_	orig_deprel=nummod:gov|SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_

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1	С	С	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1944	1944	ADJ	ORD	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	по	ПО	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	1948	1948	ADJ	ORD	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	amod	_	_
5	год	ГОД	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
6	жил	ЖИТЬ	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	в	В	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Германии	ГЕРМАНИЯ	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
10	с	С	ADP	IN	_	14	orphan	_	orig_deprel=obl
11	1948	1948	ADJ	ORD	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	12	amod	_	_
12	года	ГОД	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	--	--	PUNCT	--	_	10	punct	_	_
14	в	В	ADP	IN	_	6	conj	_	orig_deprel=obl
15	Стокгольме	СТОКГОЛЬМ	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
17	в	В	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	1965	1965	ADJ	ORD	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	19	amod	_	_
19	году	ГОД	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
20	приезжал	ПРИЕЗЖАТЬ	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	на	НА	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	полгода	ПОЛГОДА	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	в	В	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Ригу	РИГА	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

This relation is universal.

2405 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as orphan.

2320 instances of orphan (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 9.04158004158004.

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 7 orphan	color:blue
1	Длина	длина	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	3:nsubj	_
2	острова	остров	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	1	nmod	1:nmod	_
3	составляла	составлять	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	0:root	_
4	14	14	NUM	_	_	3	nummod	3:nummod	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4	punct	4:punct	_
6	а	а	CCONJ	_	_	3	orphan	8.1:cc	_
7	ширина	ширина	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	orphan	8.1:nsubj	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	7	punct	7:punct	_
8.1	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	3:conj	_
9	5	5	NUM	_	_	10	nummod	10:nummod	_
10	километров	километр	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	3	orphan	8.1:nmod	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	_	10	punct	10:punct	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10	punct	10:punct	_

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# visual-style 9 12 orphan	color:blue
1	До	до	ADP	_	_	4	advmod	4:advmod	_
2	сих	сей	DET	_	Case=Gen|Number=Plur	1	fixed	1:fixed	_
3	пор	пора	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	2	fixed	2:fixed	_
4	идут	идти	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	0:root	_
5	споры	спор	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	4:nsubj	_
6	о	о	ADP	_	_	7	case	7:case	_
7	том	то	PRON	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	5	nmod	5:nmod	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7	punct	7:punct	_
9	достигли	достигать	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	7	acl	7:acl	_
10	они	они	PRON	_	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3	9	nsubj	9:nsubj	_
11	вершины	вершина	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	9	obl	9:obl	_
12	или	или	CCONJ	_	_	9	orphan	13.1:cc	_
13	нет	нет	PART	_	_	9	orphan	13.1:advmod	SpaceAfter=No
13.1	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	9:conj	_

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# visual-style 2 8 orphan	color:blue
1	Это	это	PRON	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	2	obj	2:obj	_
2	сделал	делать	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	0:root	_
3	другой	другой	ADJ	_	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	amod	5:amod	_
4	политический	политический	ADJ	_	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	amod	5:amod	_
5	деятель	деятель	NOUN	_	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	2:nsubj	_
6	и	и	CCONJ	_	_	2	orphan	6.1:cc	_
6.1	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	2:conj	_
7	значительно	значительно	ADV	_	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	8:advmod	_
8	позже	поздно	ADV	_	Degree=Cmp	2	orphan	6.1:advmod	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	8:punct	_

orphan in other languages: [u]

orphan: orphan in ellipsis

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

`orphan`: orphan in ellipsis