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VerbForm: form of verb

In English, VerbForm is a feature of verbs.

Fin: finite verb

Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. English verbs with the PTB tag VBZ, VBD or VBP and modals with the PTB tag MD have this feature. Further, verbs with the PTB tag VB have this feature if they don’t have an auxiliary or modal verb attached to it.

Examples:

• I do, she has
• Read the book!

Inf: infinitive

Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages. Infinitives may be used together with auxiliaries to form periphrastic tenses (e.g. future tense I will sit in a plane), they appear as arguments of modal verbs etc. English verbs with the PTB tag VB have this feature if they have an auxiliary or modal verb or the inifinitval to attached to it.

Examples:

• I have to leave.

Part: participle

Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. It is used to form various periphrastic verb forms such as complex tenses and passives. In English, all words with the PTB tag VBD have this feature. Further, words with the PTB tag VBG can also have this feature if they are preceded by an inflection of to be.

Examples:

• He could have been prepared if he had forseen it.
• I will be driving home.

Ger: gerund

Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns. In English, all words with the PTB tag VBG have this feature if they are not preceded by an inflection of to be.

Examples:

• I look forward to seeing you.
• She turns a blind eye to my being late.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fin, Ger, Inf, Part.

39692 tokens (17%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 4284 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 2049 lemmas (14%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/VERB (25840; 11% instances), en-pos/AUX (13852; 6% instances).

VERB

25840 en-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=EMPTY (15535; 60%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (10305; 40% of non-empty VerbForm): have, is, had, said, has, are, need, let, want, think
• Ger (2542; 10% of non-empty VerbForm): going, getting, following, including, looking, taking, having, doing, using, regarding
• Inf (7915; 31% of non-empty VerbForm): have, get, know, do, go, make, take, see, like, find
• Part (5078; 20% of non-empty VerbForm): going, attached, had, done, made, used, based, called, doing, looking
• EMPTY (5): associates, crossing, jack, rays, resource

Paradigm have	Fin	Inf	Part	Ger
_		have, had		having
Mood=Imp	have
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	has, haves
Mood=Ind|Tense=Past	had
Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres	have
Tense=Past			had
Tense=Past|Voice=Pass			had
Tense=Pres			having

AUX

13852 en-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (9147; 66%), Number=EMPTY (9145; 66%), Mood=Ind (8262; 60%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (12037; 87% of non-empty VerbForm): is, will, can, would, was, are, could, do, should, have
• Ger (167; 1% of non-empty VerbForm): being, having, getting
• Inf (1279; 9% of non-empty VerbForm): be, have, do, get, of, am, ‘ve, are
• Part (369; 3% of non-empty VerbForm): been

Paradigm be	Fin	Inf	Part	Ger
_		be, am, are		being
Mood=Imp	be
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past	was
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	am
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past	was
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	is, 's, s, ’s, ai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	was
Mood=Ind|Tense=Past	were
Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres	are, 'm, 're, m, r, re, ai, ’m, is
Tense=Past			been

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1922; 72%), VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (321; 54%), VERB –[advcl]–> AUX (8; 67%), VERB –[list]–> VERB (5; 63%), VERB –[ccomp]–> AUX (4; 57%), VERB –[amod]–> VERB (3; 100%), AUX –[cop]–> AUX (2; 100%), AUX –[parataxis]–> VERB (2; 100%), AUX –[aux:pass]–> AUX (1; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fin, Ger, Inf, Part.

5405 tokens (14%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 1601 types (26%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 933 lemmas (18%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/VERB (3600; 9% instances), en-pos/AUX (1805; 5% instances).

VERB

3600 en-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (2664; 74%), Person=EMPTY (2625; 73%), Mood=EMPTY (2273; 63%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (1326; 37% of non-empty VerbForm): is, has, have, wrote, had, are, know, became, need, think
• Ger (339; 9% of non-empty VerbForm): including, according, increasing, improving, making, using, encouraging, owing, considering, creating
• Inf (860; 24% of non-empty VerbForm): like, make, take, ensure, have, continue, use, be, do, help
• Part (1075; 30% of non-empty VerbForm): based, made, given, taken, adopted, including, used, emerging, entitled, written

Paradigm have	Fin	Inf	Part	Ger
_		have		having
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	have
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	has
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	have
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past	had, ad, h
Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			having
Tense=Past			had

AUX

1805 en-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (1479; 82%), Person=3 (1131; 63%), Tense=Pres (1022; 57%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (1493; 83% of non-empty VerbForm): is, are, was, has, would, have, should, were, can, will
• Ger (19; 1% of non-empty VerbForm): being, having
• Inf (204; 11% of non-empty VerbForm): be, have, can, shall
• Part (89; 5% of non-empty VerbForm): been, being, had
• EMPTY (1): be

Paradigm be	Fin	Inf	Part	Ger
_		be		being
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	am, 'm
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past	were
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres	are
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past	was
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	is, 's
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	were
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	are, 're
Mood=Sub|Person=3|Tense=Pres	be
Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			being
Person=3				being
Tense=Past			been

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (217; 68%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (2; 100%), VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%), VERB –[nsubj:pass]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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VerbForm in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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