ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause with an internal subject which functions like an object of the verb or adjective.
He says that you like to swim
ccomp(says, like)
mark(like, that)
He says you like to swim
ccomp(says, like)
I am certain that he did it
ccomp(certain, did)
mark(did, that)
The boss said to start digging
ccomp(said, start)
mark(start, to)
See this page for additional explanation and examples.
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
2637 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
2522 instances of ccomp (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.71141448615851.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (1746; 66% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (291; 11% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (241; 9% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (180; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (31; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (24; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (24; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (23; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (17; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (9; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (7; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/INTJ (6; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 9 ccomp color:blue
1 Now now ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _
3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _
4 wonder wonder VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 if if SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _
6 Google Google PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _
8 even even ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _
9 survive survive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _
10 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 7 ccomp color:blue
1 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _
2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _
3 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _
4 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
5 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _
7 mean mean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 6 ccomp color:blue
1 i i PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
5 all all DET DT _ 6 det _ _
6 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ _
7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _
8 no no DET DT _ 9 det _ _
9 bite bite NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)
This relation is universal.
1177 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1175 instances of ccomp (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 4.93712829226848.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (748; 64% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (211; 18% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (104; 9% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (46; 4% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (19; 2% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (10; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (9; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (8; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 23 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 23 fgColor:white
# visual-style 21 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 21 fgColor:white
# visual-style 21 23 ccomp color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
7 _ _ ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
8 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
9 _ _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
10 _ _ PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _
11 _ _ CONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 8 conj _ _
13 _ _ ADP IN _ 16 case _ _
14 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 16 nmod:poss _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 12 nmod _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _
18 _ _ PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
19 _ _ AUX VBP _ 21 aux _ _
20 _ _ PRON PRP _ 21 nsubj _ _
21 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 parataxis _ _
22 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 nsubj _ _
23 _ _ VERB VBP _ 21 ccomp _ _
24 _ _ PRON PRP _ 23 iobj _ _
25 _ _ ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _
26 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 dobj _ _
27 _ _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 14 ccomp color:blue
1 _ _ PRON PRP _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
3 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 2 dobj _ _
4 _ _ PART TO _ 5 mark _ _
5 _ _ VERB VB _ 2 xcomp _ _
6 _ _ ADP IN _ 7 case _ _
7 _ _ NOUN NN _ 5 nmod _ _
8 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _
9 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 10 nmod:poss _ _
10 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 14 nsubj _ _
11 _ _ AUX MD _ 14 aux _ _
12 _ _ VERB VB _ 14 cop _ _
13 _ _ ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _
14 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 5 ccomp _ _
15 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _
16 _ _ PRON PRP _ 17 nsubj _ _
17 _ _ VERB VBD _ 14 advcl _ _
18 _ _ PART TO _ 19 mark _ _
19 _ _ VERB VB _ 17 xcomp _ _
20 _ _ PRON DT _ 19 dobj _ _
21 _ _ PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 16 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 16 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 16 ccomp color:blue
1 _ _ VERB VBG _ 7 advcl _ _
2 _ _ PRON PRP _ 1 dobj _ _
3 _ _ ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 _ _ NOUN NN _ 1 nmod _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 7 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ AUX MD _ 7 aux _ _
7 _ _ VERB VB _ 0 root _ _
8 _ _ PART TO _ 9 mark _ _
9 _ _ VERB VB _ 7 xcomp _ _
10 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _
11 _ _ DET DT _ 12 det _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 16 nsubj _ _
13 _ _ VERB VBZ _ 16 cop _ _
14 _ _ DET DT _ 16 det _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 9 ccomp _ _
17 _ _ ADP IN _ 19 case _ _
18 _ _ DET DT _ 19 det _ _
19 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 16 nmod _ _
20 _ _ PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _
21 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 19 conj _ _
22 _ _ PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _
23 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 19 conj _ _
24 _ _ CONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _
25 _ _ ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _
26 _ _ ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _
27 _ _ CONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _
28 _ _ ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _
29 _ _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
350 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
322 instances of ccomp (92%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.05714285714286.
The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (334; 95% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (8; 2% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (2; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 ccomp color:blue
1 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 wish _ VERB PRES _ 0 root _ _
3 it _ PRON PERS-SG _ 4 nsubj _ _
4 was _ VERB PAST _ 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . _ PUNCT Period _ 4 punct _ _
6 But _ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ _
7 this _ PRON DEM-SG _ 8 nsubj _ _
8 has _ VERB PRES _ 4 conj _ _
9 nothing _ PRON NEG-SG _ 8 obj _ _
10 to _ PART _ _ 11 mark _ _
11 do _ VERB INF _ 9 acl _ _
12 with _ ADP _ _ 13 case _ _
13 literature _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . _ PUNCT Period _ 8 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 9 ccomp color:blue
1 He _ PRON PERS-P3SG-NOM _ 4 nsubj _ _
2 could _ AUX PAST-AUX _ 4 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
3 n't _ PART NEG _ 4 advmod _ _
4 say _ VERB INF _ 0 root _ _
5 how _ ADV WH _ 6 advmod _ _
6 long _ ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ _
7 it _ PRON PERS-SG _ 9 nsubj _ _
8 had _ AUX PAST _ 9 aux _ _
9 been _ AUX PERF _ 4 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . _ PUNCT Period _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 12 ccomp color:blue
1 As _ SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ _
2 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 have _ AUX PRES-AUX _ 4 aux _ _
4 said _ VERB PERF _ 9 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 4 punct _ _
6 84 _ NUM CARD-PL _ 7 nummod _ _
7 exporters _ NOUN PL-NOM _ 9 nsubj _ _
8 have _ AUX PRES-AUX _ 9 aux _ _
9 had _ AUX PERF _ 0 root _ _
10 the _ DET DEF _ 11 det _ _
11 undertakings _ NOUN PL-NOM _ 9 obj _ _
12 replaced _ VERB PASS _ 9 ccomp _ _
13 by _ ADP _ _ 14 case _ _
14 duties _ NOUN PL-NOM _ 12 obl _ _
15 instead _ ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . _ PUNCT Period _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
267 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
265 instances of ccomp (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.72659176029963.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (193; 72% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (33; 12% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (26; 10% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (4; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (2; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (2; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 ccomp color:blue
1 I I PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
2 would will AUX VM Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _
3 ask ask VERB V VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
4 that that SCONJ CS _ 6 mark _ _
5 they they PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
6 reconsider reconsider VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT FF _ 6 punct _ _
8 since since SCONJ CS _ 13 mark _ _
9 this this PRON PD Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 13 nsubj _ _
10 is be AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _
11 not not PART PART Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _
12 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _
13 case case NOUN S Number=Sing 6 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 8 ccomp color:blue
1 Engels Engels PROPN SP _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 said say VERB V Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 that that SCONJ CS _ 8 mark _ _
4 Balzac Balzac PROPN SP _ 8 nsubj _ _
5 was be AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
6 his his DET AP Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _
7 favorite favorite ADJ A Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _
8 writer writer NOUN S Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 11 ccomp color:blue
1 But but CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _
2 we we PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _
3 now now ADV B _ 4 advmod _ _
4 know know VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 that that SCONJ CS _ 11 mark _ _
6 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 story story NOUN S Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _
8 is be AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _
9 much much ADV B _ 10 advmod _ _
10 more more ADV B Degree=Cmp 11 advmod _ _
11 complicated complicate ADJ A Degree=Pos 4 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]