ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement (ccomp) of a verb or a verbal predicate is a dependent clause which is a core argument. In a clausal complement the subject is not determined by obligatory control, either because the clause has its own overt subject or because the subject is arbitrary or determined anaphorically. Such clausal complements can have the following structures:
- finite clausal complement of verbal head
Le ha detto/VERB che il rapimento era avvenuto/VERB a scopo di furto
ccomp(detto, avvenuto)
nsubj(avvenuto, rapimento)
mark(avvenuto, che)
Non so se/VERB qualche agenzia organizza/VERB viaggi
ccomp(so, organizza)
nsubj(organizza, agenzia)
mark(organizza, se)
zio Adelio avrebbe preferito/VERB studiassero/VERB in Italia
ccomp(preferito, studiassero)
aux(preferito, avrebbe)
nsubj(preferito, zio)
Dimmi/VERB dove si trova/VERB la compagnia DuPont .
ccomp(Dimmi, trova)
nsubj(trova, compagnia)
- finite clausal complement of adjectival head (as part of a verbal predicate)
era sicuro/ADJ che non ci fossero/VERB pericoli
ccomp(sicuro, fossero)
mark(fossero, che)
nsubj(fossero, pericoli)
Sono convinto/ADJ che la storia di Moretti sia segnata/VERB da le sue origini romane .
ccomp(convinto, segnata)
auxpass(segnata, sia)
nsubjpass(segnata, storia)
Certo che possiedo delle prove .
ccomp(Certo, possiedo)
- infinite clausal complement of verbal head
bisogna/VERB avviare/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] un dialogo
ccomp(bisogna, avviare)
dobj(avviare, dialogo)
si fa/VERB per dire/VERB[VerbForm=Inf]
ccomp(fa, dire)
mark(dire, per)
Mi fecero pagare/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] per liberare/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] due ostaggi .
ccomp(fecero, pagare)
iobj(fecero, mi)
advcl(pagare, liberare)
- infinite clausal complement of essere. In this case, the copula is treated as a head
il problema allora non è domandar/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] si
ccomp(è, domandar)
expl(domandar, si)
neg(è, non)
La differenza è che Tudjman ha sempre giocato/VERB di rimessa .
nsubj(è, differenza)
ccomp(è, giocato)
nsubj(giocato, Tudjman)
aux(giocato, ha)
C' era sempre Franca a risolvere/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] i problemi .
ccomp(era, risolvere)
nsubj(era, Franca)
mark(risolvere, a)
NB Note that if the subject of the clausal complement is controlled (that is, it is the same as the higher subject, object or indirect object, with no other possible interpretation) the appropriate relation is xcomp.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
1376 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1354 instances of ccomp (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.77979651162791.
The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (1066; 77% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (95; 7% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (75; 5% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (40; 3% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (33; 2% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/VERB (23; 2% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (15; 1% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
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1 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 stessa stesso PRON PD Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 0 root _ _
3 che che PRON PR PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _
4 fa fare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _
5 anche anche ADV B _ 6 advmod _ _
6 stendere stendere VERB V VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _
7 su su ADP E _ 9 case _ _
8 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 pavimento pavimento NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ _
10 pelli pelle NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obj _ _
11 di di ADP E _ 12 case _ _
12 tigre tigre NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
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1 Bisogna bisognare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 essere essere AUX V VerbForm=Inf 3 cop _ _
3 corretti corretto ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 ccomp _ _
4 con con ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 pubblico pubblico NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 1 8 ccomp color:blue
1 Sappiamo sapere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 tutti tutto PRON PI Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 1 nsubj _ _
3 che che SCONJ CS _ 8 mark _ _
4 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 terra terra NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
6 è essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
7 in in ADP E _ 8 case _ _
8 pericolo pericolo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
258 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
257 instances of ccomp (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.25968992248062.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (184; 71% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (27; 10% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (22; 9% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (11; 4% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (4; 2% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (4; 2% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 7 ccomp color:blue
1 Non non ADV BN PronType=Neg 2 advmod _ _
2 credo credere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 però però ADV B _ 2 advmod _ _
4 che che SCONJ CS _ 7 mark _ _
5 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 relazione relazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
7 arrivi arrivare VERB V Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _
8 tardi tardi ADV B _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Penso pensare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 che che SCONJ CS _ 7 mark _ _
3 quel quello DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ _
4 voto voto NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
5 sia essere AUX VA Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _
6 in in ADP E _ 7 case _ _
7 corso corso NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT FF _ 7 punct _ _
9 proprio proprio ADV B _ 10 advmod _ _
10 adesso adesso ADV B _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
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1 Credo credere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 che che SCONJ CS _ 5 mark _ _
3 dovremmo dovere AUX VM Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _
4 essere essere AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 5 cop _ _
5 capaci capace ADJ A Number=Plur 1 ccomp _ _
6 di di ADP E _ 7 mark _ _
7 dir dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _
8 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _
9 chiaro chiaro ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 advmod _ _
10 e e CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _
11 forte forte ADJ A Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]