ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause (which is a core argument) where the subject is not determined by obligatory control, either because the clause has its own overt subject or because the subject is arbitrary or determined anaphorically. This contrasts with the xcomp relation, which is used for clausal complements with obligatory control.
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
ccomp(dit, aimes)
Je suis certain qu'il l'a fait \n I am certain that he did it
ccomp(certain, fait)
Here is an example from FrenchSpoken with a ccomp:
on ne peut pas exclure qu' il y ait quelque chose de grave \n it cannot be ruled out that there is something serious
ccomp(exclure, ait)
mark(ait, qu')
N.B.: FrenchSpoken uses the ccomp:cleft relation to annotate some cases of cleft sentences.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
1268 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1153 instances of ccomp (91%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.24290220820189.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (876; 69% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (124; 10% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (97; 8% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (81; 6% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (29; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (19; 1% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 7 ccomp color:blue
1 « « PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
2 Est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 -ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _
4 qu' que SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
5 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
6 y y PRON _ _ 7 expl _ _
7 a avoir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _
8 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 poème poème NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ _
10 ce ce DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ _
11 matin matin NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ _
12 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 9 ccomp color:blue
1 C' ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
3 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 an an NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 plus plus ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
6 tard tard ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ _
7 qu' que SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _
9 accomplira accomplir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _
10 son son DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _
11 rêve rêve NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 8 ccomp color:blue
1 Je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 confirme confirmer VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 que que SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ _
4 cette ce DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 det _ _
5 clinique clinique NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
6 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
7 très très ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ _
8 recommandable recommandable ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
151 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
151 instances of ccomp (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.01324503311258.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (116; 77% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (16; 11% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (14; 9% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances).
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 12 ccomp color:blue
1 Monsieur monsieur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 vocative _ _
2 Cox Cox PROPN SP _ 1 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 monsieur monsieur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 vocative _ _
5 Hänsch Hänsch PROPN SP _ 4 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
7 est être VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
8 -ce ce PRON PD Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 7 nsubj _ _
9 que que SCONJ CS _ 12 mark _ _
10 cela cela PRON PD Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 12 nsubj _ _
11 vous vous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 iobj _ _
12 convient convenir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
13 ? ? PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 9 ccomp color:blue
1 Je je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 crois croire VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 qu' que SCONJ CS _ 5 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
4 il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _
5 faut falloir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _
6 que que SCONJ CS _ 9 mark _ _
7 nous nous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _
8 soyons être AUX VA Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
9 capables capable ADJ A Number=Plur 5 ccomp _ _
10 de de ADP E _ 12 mark _ _
11 le le PRON P Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _
12 dire dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _
13 haut haut ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ _
14 et et CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _
15 fort fort ADV _ _ 13 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 17 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 17 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 17 ccomp color:blue
1 La le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 plupart plupart NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
3 d' de ADP E _ 5 case _ SpaceAfter=No
4 entre entre ADP E _ 3 fixed _ _
5 vous vous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod _ _
6 ne ne PART PART Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
7 savent savoir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 peut-être peut-être ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ _
9 pas pas ADV BN Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
10 que que SCONJ CS _ 17 mark _ _
11 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 champignons champignon NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _
13 ont avoir AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _
14 été être AUX VA Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 cop _ _
15 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 17 det _ _
16 premiers premier ADJ NO Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|NumType=Ord 17 amod _ _
17 organismes organisme NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 ccomp _ _
18 à à ADP E _ 19 mark _ _
19 venir venir VERB V VerbForm=Inf 17 acl _ _
20 sur sur ADP E _ 22 case _ _
21 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 22 det _ _
22 terre terre NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
23 . . PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
279 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
279 instances of ccomp (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 9.41218637992831.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (204; 73% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (28; 10% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (22; 8% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (18; 6% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 7 ccomp color:blue
1 Nul nul PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 3 nsubj _ _
2 ne ne ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ _
3 sait savoir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 où où ADV _ PronType=Int 7 iobj _ _
5 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 piste piste NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
7 conduisait conduire VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _
8 ensuite ensuite ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 11 ccomp color:blue
1 Mais mais CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ _
2 je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 3 nsubj _ _
3 pense penser VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 en en ADP _ _ 3 advmod _ _
5 tout tout DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 fixed _ _
6 cas cas NOUN _ Gender=Masc 4 fixed _ _
7 que que SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ _
8 ces ce DET _ Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _
9 tests test NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _
10 sont être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _
11 prometteurs prometteur ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 10 ccomp color:blue
1 Je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 3 nsubj _ _
2 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _
3 pense penser VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 vraiment vraiment ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ _
5 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _
6 que que SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ _
7 cela cela PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 nsubj _ _
8 soit être AUX _ Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _
9 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 problème problème NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]