Person: person
In English, Person is a feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of some verbs to mark agreement with its subject.
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
This feature is only used for pronouns and two inflections of be:
- am, was (if I is its subject), I, we, me, us, my, mine, our, ours, myself, ourselves
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
This feature is only used for pronouns:
- you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
3: second person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
It is used for the following pronouns:
- he, she, it, they, him, her, them, his, hers, their, theirs, himself, herself, itself, themselves
Additionally, it is used for verbs that require a third person singular subject which have the PTB tag VBZ.
####Examples:
- he walks
- she is
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
23738 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Person.
527 types (3%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
436 lemmas (3%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/PRON (16906; 7% instances), en-pos/AUX (4705; 2% instances), en-pos/VERB (2127; 1% instances).
PRON
16906 en-pos/PRON tokens (81% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (16906; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (13583; 80%), Gender=EMPTY (12476; 74%), Case=Nom (10614; 63%), Number=Sing (10002; 59%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(7129; 42% of non-emptyPerson): i, my, we, me, our, us, myself, ‘s, ourselves, s2(3252; 19% of non-emptyPerson): you, your, yourself, yourselves3(6525; 39% of non-emptyPerson): it, they, he, their, his, them, him, she, her, itsEMPTY(3889): that, this, what, there, who, which, anyone, something, anything, nothing
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (22) occur only with one value of Person.
AUX
4705 en-pos/AUX tokens (34% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Mood=Ind (4705; 100%), Number=Sing (4705; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (4705; 100%), Tense=Pres (3463; 74%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(334; 7% of non-emptyPerson): am, was3(4371; 93% of non-emptyPerson): is, was, has, ‘s, does, s, ’s, `s, ai, getsEMPTY(9147): be, are, will, can, have, would, do, were, been, could
| Paradigm be | 1 | 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Tense=Past | was | was |
| Tense=Pres | am | is, 's, s, ’s, ai |
VERB
2127 en-pos/VERB tokens (8% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (2127; 100%), Mood=Ind (2127; 100%), Tense=Pres (2016; 95%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(10; 0% of non-emptyPerson): was, am3(2117; 100% of non-emptyPerson): is, has, was, says, ‘s, seems, makes, means, needs, comesEMPTY(23718): have, get, know, had, do, go, said, want, see, going
| Paradigm be | 1 | 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Tense=Past | was | was |
| Tense=Pres | am | is, 's, s, ’s |
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (413) occur only with one value of Person.
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
PRON –[nmod:npmod]–> PRON (3; 100%),
PRON –[nmod:poss]–> PRON (2; 100%),
AUX –[cop]–> AUX (1; 100%),
AUX –[parataxis]–> VERB (1; 100%),
PRON –[case]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
3083 tokens (8%) have a non-empty value of Person.
585 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
434 lemmas (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/AUX (1177; 3% instances), en-pos/VERB (975; 3% instances), en-pos/PRON (931; 2% instances).
AUX
1177 en-pos/AUX tokens (65% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1176; 100%), Mood=Ind (1162; 99%), Tense=Pres (757; 64%), Number=Sing (635; 54%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(25; 2% of non-emptyPerson): am, do, have, ‘m2(21; 2% of non-emptyPerson): were, are, Will, can, do3(1131; 96% of non-emptyPerson): is, was, has, would, should, can, will, shall, may, hadEMPTY(629): be, are, have, been, were, being, do, ‘re, ‘ve, had
| Paradigm be | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin | were | was | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | am, 'm | are | is, 's |
| Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | be | ||
| VerbForm=Ger | being |
VERB
975 en-pos/VERB tokens (27% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (966; 99%), Mood=Ind (939; 96%), Number=EMPTY (560; 57%), Tense=Past (532; 55%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(56; 6% of non-emptyPerson): think, believe, accept, have, feel, hope, know, remember, share, want2(8; 1% of non-emptyPerson): Let, Create, Imagine, Recall, facilitate, own, suppose3(911; 93% of non-emptyPerson): is, has, wrote, had, became, began, made, did, makes, marriedEMPTY(2625): like, have, make, including, based, made, take, given, see, ensure
| Paradigm have | 1 | 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | have | has |
| Tense=Past | had, ad, h |
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 94% lemmas (385) occur only with one value of Person.
PRON
931 en-pos/PRON tokens (62% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (926; 99%), Gender=EMPTY (738; 79%), Number=Sing (561; 60%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(287; 31% of non-emptyPerson): I, we, us, me, ourselves2(80; 9% of non-emptyPerson): you3(564; 61% of non-emptyPerson): it, he, they, them, him, everyone, one, she, himself, itselfEMPTY(567): that, which, this, who, all, what, those, some, others, these
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (19) occur only with one value of Person.
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (57; 52%),
AUX –[nsubj]–> PRON (5; 56%),
AUX –[conj]–> AUX (2; 100%),
AUX –[conj]–> PRON (1; 100%),
PRON –[conj]–> PRON (1; 100%),
PRON –[acl:relcl]–> AUX (1; 100%),
VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%),
AUX –[expl]–> PRON (1; 100%),
PRON –[aux]–> AUX (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]