Person: person
| Values: | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Person is a feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (Czech is a pro-drop language).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- dělám “I do”
- děláme “we do”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- děláš “you.
Singdo” - děláte “you.
Plurdo”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- dělá “he/she/it does”
- dělají “they do”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
95433 tokens (7%) have a non-empty value of Person.
8850 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
3530 lemmas (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (53450; 4% instances), cs-pos/AUX (23872; 2% instances), cs-pos/PRON (9786; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (8325; 1% instances).
VERB
53450 cs-pos/VERB tokens (45% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (53448; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (53448; 100%), Voice=Act (52697; 99%), Mood=Ind (52695; 99%), Tense=Pres (52157; 98%), Polarity=Pos (46723; 87%), Number=Sing (36883; 69%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(5459; 10% of non-emptyPerson): máme, mám, můžeme, myslím, musíme, chceme, musím, nevím, jsme, víme2(1320; 2% of non-emptyPerson): můžete, viz, máte, chcete, myslíte, najdete, potřebujete, víte, vidíte, musíte3(46671; 87% of non-emptyPerson): má, je, může, mají, musí, jde, lze, jsou, mohou, říkáEMPTY(66222): řekl, měl, měla, mít, uvedl, měli, mělo, mohl, měly, bylo
| Paradigm mít | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg | Nemějme | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos | mějme | mějte | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nemám | nemá | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | mám | máš | má |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nemáme | nemáte | nemají |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | máme | máte | mají |
AUX
23872 cs-pos/AUX tokens (66% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (23872; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (23872; 100%), Voice=Act (20817; 87%), Mood=Ind (20817; 87%), Polarity=Pos (18759; 79%), Tense=Pres (16846; 71%), Number=Sing (15551; 65%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3952; 17% of non-emptyPerson): jsem, jsme, bychom, bych, budeme, budu, nejsem, nejsme, nebudeme, nebudu2(384; 2% of non-emptyPerson): jste, byste, budete, jsi, nebudete, nejste, budeš, buďte, bys, Buď3(19536; 82% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, bude, by, není, budou, nebude, nejsou, nebudou, býváEMPTY(12466): by, byl, být, bylo, byla, byly, byli, nebyl, nebylo, nebyla
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | bys | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | byste | |
| Mood=Cnd | by | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Style=Arch | buď | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos | Buď | budiž | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg | Nebuďte | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Style=Arch | budiž | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos | Buďme | buďte | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | Nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsem | není | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | budeš | bude |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejste | nejsou |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
PRON
9786 cs-pos/PRON tokens (25% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (9786; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (9786; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (7987; 82%), PrepCase=EMPTY (7355; 75%), Gender=EMPTY (5834; 60%), Number=Sing (5065; 52%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2952; 30% of non-emptyPerson): nás, nám, mi, mě, já, my, mne, námi, mně, mnou2(387; 4% of non-emptyPerson): vám, vás, vy, vámi, ty, tě, ti, You, tobě, tebe3(6447; 66% of non-emptyPerson): je, nich, mu, ho, ji, jim, ní, něj, jej, jíEMPTY(29878): se, si, co, kdo, což, nic, něco, jež, nikdo, nichž
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (15) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
8325 cs-pos/DET tokens (17% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (8325; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (7994; 96%), PronType=Prs (7744; 93%), Gender=EMPTY (5306; 64%), Case=EMPTY (4855; 58%), Number=EMPTY (4496; 54%), Number[psor]=Sing (4266; 51%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2321; 28% of non-emptyPerson): naše, našich, naší, náš, našeho, naši, našem, můj, mého, moje2(224; 3% of non-emptyPerson): vaše, vaší, váš, vašeho, vaši, vašich, vašem, vaším, vašimi, Your3(5780; 69% of non-emptyPerson): jeho, jejich, její, jejichž, jehož, jejím, jejíž, jejího, jejích, jejímžEMPTY(40445): to, které, který, která, své, tím, kteří, tom, této, tomu
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (4517; 65%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (57; 61%),
PRON –[orphan]–> VERB (2; 67%),
PRON –[ccomp]–> VERB (1; 100%),
PRON –[dep]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
39914 tokens (8%) have a non-empty value of Person.
5457 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
2495 lemmas (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (21771; 5% instances), cs-pos/AUX (10912; 2% instances), cs-pos/DET (3865; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (3366; 1% instances).
VERB
21771 cs-pos/VERB tokens (55% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (21771; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (21771; 100%), Voice=Act (21424; 98%), Mood=Ind (21424; 98%), Tense=Pres (21307; 98%), Polarity=Pos (19768; 91%), Number=Sing (13283; 61%), Aspect=Imp (11241; 52%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3207; 15% of non-emptyPerson): můžeme, máme, musíme, chceme, mám, nemůžeme, známe, myslím, nazýváme, vidíme2(516; 2% of non-emptyPerson): viz, můžete, máte, víte, najdete, překonej, nemáte, znáte, chcete, nezapomeňte3(18048; 83% of non-emptyPerson): je, má, mají, musí, může, jde, lze, jsou, mohou, patříEMPTY(17779): mít, měl, měla, bylo, mohl, mohli, došlo, měli, byl, zajistit
| Paradigm mít | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos | mějte | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nemám | nemá | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | mám | máš | má |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nemáme | nemáte | nemají |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | máme | máte | mají |
AUX
10912 cs-pos/AUX tokens (78% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (10912; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (10912; 100%), Voice=Act (8886; 81%), Mood=Ind (8886; 81%), Polarity=Pos (8214; 75%), Tense=Pres (7808; 72%), Number=Sing (6453; 59%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1296; 12% of non-emptyPerson): jsme, jsem, bychom, budeme, bych, budu, nebudeme, nejsme, nebudu, nejsem2(125; 1% of non-emptyPerson): jste, byste, jsi, budete, buď, nebudete, buďte, bys, Nebuď, budeš3(9491; 87% of non-emptyPerson): je, by, jsou, bude, není, budou, nejsou, bývá, nebude, nebudouEMPTY(3030): byl, bylo, být, byla, byly, byli, nebylo, nebyl, nebyla, býti
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | bys | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | byste | |
| Mood=Cnd | by | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | Nebuď | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos | buď | budiž | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos | buďme | buďte | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsem | není | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | seš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | budeš | bude |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi, si | je |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejsou | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
DET
3865 cs-pos/DET tokens (20% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (3865; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (3733; 97%), PronType=Prs (3523; 91%), Gender=EMPTY (2367; 61%), Number[psor]=Plur (2222; 57%), Case=EMPTY (2213; 57%), Number=EMPTY (2038; 53%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1172; 30% of non-emptyPerson): naší, naše, našeho, našich, našem, naši, náš, naším, mého, našim2(88; 2% of non-emptyPerson): vaší, vaše, vašeho, vaši, váš, vašich, vašem, vašemu, Vašimi, tvoje3(2605; 67% of non-emptyPerson): jejich, jeho, její, jejichž, jehož, jejíž, jejím, jejího, jejích, jejímžEMPTY(15176): to, které, který, která, tím, této, své, těchto, tyto, tom
PRON
3366 cs-pos/PRON tokens (21% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (3366; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (3365; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (2890; 86%), PrepCase=EMPTY (2542; 76%), Gender=EMPTY (2117; 63%), Number=Plur (1812; 54%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(974; 29% of non-emptyPerson): nás, nám, mi, já, my, mě, mne, mně, námi, mnou2(182; 5% of non-emptyPerson): vám, vás, vy, ti, tě, vámi, ty, tebe, tebou, sis3(2210; 66% of non-emptyPerson): je, nich, ji, jim, mu, ho, ní, jej, ně, němEMPTY(12314): se, si, co, všech, všechny, jež, nichž, což, sebe, níž
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (2653; 79%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (680; 50%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (14; 78%),
VERB –[xcomp]–> PRON (2; 67%),
VERB –[flat:foreign]–> PRON (1; 100%),
VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 1 different values: 3.
1487 tokens (6%) have a non-empty value of Person.
285 types (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
180 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (966; 4% instances), cs-pos/AUX (338; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (144; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (39; 0% instances).
VERB
966 cs-pos/VERB tokens (68% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Voice=Act (966; 100%), Mood=Ind (966; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (966; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (966; 100%), Tense=Pres (965; 100%), Polarity=Pos (843; 87%), Number=Sing (674; 70%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(966; 100% of non-emptyPerson): obsahuje, uvede, rozumí, může, účtuje, použijí, mohou, má, sestavují, majíEMPTY(462): vést, použít, stanoveno, mít, účtovat, odpisovat, zahrnuty, obchodovány, přestaly, uvést
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (177) occur only with one value of Person.
AUX
338 cs-pos/AUX tokens (77% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (338; 100%), Mood=Ind (329; 97%), Voice=Act (329; 97%), Tense=Pres (310; 92%), Polarity=Pos (291; 86%), Number=Sing (174; 51%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(338; 100% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, nejsou, není, bude, by, budouEMPTY(100): být, byly, je-li, by, byl, není-li, byla, jsou-li, nebyly, bylo
DET
144 cs-pos/DET tokens (36% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (144; 100%), Case=EMPTY (130; 90%), PronType=Prs (129; 90%), Gender=EMPTY (125; 87%), Number=EMPTY (122; 85%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (76; 53%), Number[psor]=Plur (76; 53%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(144; 100% of non-emptyPerson): jejich, jeho, její, jejichž, jehož, jejího, jejím, jejích, jejími, jejímžEMPTY(261): této, těchto, tyto, tohoto, tento, tato, tomto, své, tuto, toto
PRON
39 cs-pos/PRON tokens (5% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (39; 100%), PronType=Prs (39; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (39; 100%), Number=Plur (24; 62%), Gender=EMPTY (24; 62%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(39; 100% of non-emptyPerson): je, jim, ji, nich, ní, jí, ně, jej, nimi, jemuEMPTY(773): se, které, která, který, to, kterých, kterým, kterém, nichž, všech
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (94; 76%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (38; 59%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (16; 94%),
AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[csubj:pass]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]