Reflex: reflexive
| Values: | Yes |
Boolean feature of pronouns or determiners. It tells whether the word is reflexive, i.e. refers to the subject of its clause.
In Czech, reflexive pronouns have various functions:
- Reflexive object of a verb means that the object is the same entity as the subject: Jan si koupil auto = “Jan bought himself a car” vs. Jan mu koupil auto = “Jan bought him [someone else] a car”
- Reflexive object of a verb in plural may also indicate a reciprocal action. This usage of the reflexive pronoun is translated to English as “each other”. Unlike e.g. German, Czech does not have a special reciprocal pronoun and the reflexive pronoun is used instead: Jan a Marie se milují = “Jan and Mary love each other”
- Reflexive pronoun in a subjectless clause constitutes so-called reflexive passive: To se napíše zítra (reflexive passive, the verb is morphologically in active form) vs. To bude napsáno zítra (normal passive, with auxiliary finite verb and a passive participle) “That will be written tomorrow”
- Some verbs are mandatorily reflexive, i.e. they never occur without the reflexive pronoun. The pronoun does not alter the meaning in any way, but without it the sentence would not be grammatical: Jan se směje “Jan laughs”
Reflexive possessives indicate that the subject of the clause is the possessor:
- Jan prodal své auto. “Jan sold his [own] car.”
- Jan prodal jeho auto. “Jan sold his [someone else’s] car.”
Yes: it is possessive
Note that there is no No value. If the word is not reflexive, the
Reflex feature will just not be mentioned in the FEAT
column. (Which means that empty value has the No meaning.)
Examples
- reflexive personal pronouns: se, si, sebe, sobě, sebou (occurs in various cases but not in nominative and vocative; does not distinguish Number)
- reflexive possessive determiner: svůj
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 1 different values: Yes.
27107 tokens (2%) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
42 types (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
4 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/PRON (22793; 2% instances), cs-pos/DET (4314; 0% instances).
PRON
22793 cs-pos/PRON tokens (57% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Reflex co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (22793; 100%), PrepCase=EMPTY (22793; 100%), Number=EMPTY (22793; 100%), PronType=Prs (22793; 100%), Person=EMPTY (22793; 100%), Variant=Short (22237; 98%), Case=Acc (19079; 84%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(22793; 100% of non-emptyReflex): se, si, sebe, sobě, sebou, saEMPTY(16871): co, nás, je, nám, nich, kdo, což, mu, ho, ji
DET
4314 cs-pos/DET tokens (9% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Reflex co-occurred: Poss=Yes (4314; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (4314; 100%), Person=EMPTY (4314; 100%), PronType=Prs (4314; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (3799; 88%), Number=Sing (3012; 70%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(4314; 100% of non-emptyReflex): své, svou, svého, svých, svůj, svým, svém, svými, svoji, svémuEMPTY(44456): to, které, který, jeho, která, jejich, tím, kteří, tom, této
Relations with Agreement in Reflex
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Reflex:
PRON –[conj]–> PRON (3; 60%),
DET –[conj]–> DET (2; 67%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 1 different values: Yes.
10240 tokens (2%) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
28 types (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
3 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/PRON (8851; 2% instances), cs-pos/DET (1389; 0% instances).
PRON
8851 cs-pos/PRON tokens (56% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Reflex co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (8851; 100%), PrepCase=EMPTY (8851; 100%), PronType=Prs (8851; 100%), Number=EMPTY (8850; 100%), Person=EMPTY (8850; 100%), Variant=Short (8525; 96%), Case=Acc (7639; 86%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(8851; 100% of non-emptyReflex): se, si, sebe, sobě, sebou, sisEMPTY(6829): co, všech, je, nás, všechny, nám, jež, nich, nichž, ji
DET
1389 cs-pos/DET tokens (7% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Reflex co-occurred: Poss=Yes (1389; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (1389; 100%), PronType=Prs (1389; 100%), Person=EMPTY (1389; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (1265; 91%), Number=Sing (981; 71%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(1389; 100% of non-emptyReflex): své, svou, svých, svého, svým, svůj, svém, svými, svému, svojeEMPTY(17652): to, které, jejich, jeho, který, která, tím, této, těchto, tyto
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 1 different values: Yes.
332 tokens (1%) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
8 types (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
2 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Reflex.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/PRON (314; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (18; 0% instances).
PRON
314 cs-pos/PRON tokens (39% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Reflex co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (314; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (314; 100%), PronType=Prs (314; 100%), Case=Acc (309; 98%), Variant=Short (309; 98%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(314; 100% of non-emptyReflex): se, sobě, sebouEMPTY(498): které, která, který, to, kterých, kterým, kterém, nichž, všech, němž
DET
18 cs-pos/DET tokens (4% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Reflex.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Reflex co-occurred: PronType=Prs (18; 100%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (18; 100%), Person=EMPTY (18; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (18; 100%), Poss=Yes (18; 100%), Number=Sing (15; 83%), Case=Gen (11; 61%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Reflex:
Yes(18; 100% of non-emptyReflex): své, svého, svých, svůj, svouEMPTY(387): jejich, této, jeho, těchto, tyto, tohoto, tento, tato, její, tomto
Reflex in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]