Person: person
Person is a feature of personal pronouns and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (Ukrainian is a pro-drop language).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- роблю “I do”
- робимо “we do”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- робиш “you
Singdo” - робите “you
Plurdo”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- робить “he/she/it does”
- роблять “they do”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)
This feature is universal but the values 0 are language-specific.
It occurs with 4 different values: 0, 1, 2, 3.
949 tokens (7%) have a non-empty value of Person.
346 types (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
231 lemmas (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: uk-pos/PRON (524; 4% instances), uk-pos/VERB (295; 2% instances), uk-pos/DET (108; 1% instances), uk-pos/AUX (22; 0% instances).
PRON
524 uk-pos/PRON tokens (72% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (524; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (351; 67%), Case=Nom (321; 61%), Animacy=Anim (293; 56%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(254; 48% of non-emptyPerson): ми, я, нас, мені, мене, нам, нами, мною2(39; 7% of non-emptyPerson): ви, вам, вас, вами, тебе, ти, тобі, ю3(231; 44% of non-emptyPerson): він, його, вона, вони, їх, йому, її, ними, них, їмEMPTY(203): це, собі, щось, що, те, все, хто, чого, того, тим
VERB
295 uk-pos/VERB tokens (19% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (295; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (295; 100%), Mood=Ind (275; 93%), Aspect=Imp (237; 80%), Tense=Pres (219; 74%), Number=Sing (197; 67%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
0(9; 3% of non-emptyPerson): видрукувано, виявлено, відсторонено, дано, зумовлено, написано, оточено, прислано, рішено1(40; 14% of non-emptyPerson): маю, бачу, сподіваємось, хочу, Побачимося, Цитую, вживу, гадаю, думаю, дякую2(38; 13% of non-emptyPerson): будь, підкажіть, проси, Вислухайте, Дозвольте, Заждіть, Називайте, Поясніть, вберете, вб’єте3(208; 71% of non-emptyPerson): має, може, можуть, мусить, є, здається, сидить, анулюють, бракує, вийдеEMPTY(1257): було, мав, мали, ходили, виявилося, сказав, жив, зробити, міг, почали
| Paradigm мати | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing|Tense=Fut | матимеш | матиме | |
| Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | маю | має | |
| Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | маємо | мають |
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 93% lemmas (199) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
108 uk-pos/DET tokens (21% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (108; 100%), Poss=Yes (108; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (95; 88%), Number=EMPTY (75; 69%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(60; 56% of non-emptyPerson): мої, наших, мій, наша, наші, мого, наш, нашого, нашою, моє2(11; 10% of non-emptyPerson): Вашої, Ваших, Вашого, ваш, Вашим, твоїми3(37; 34% of non-emptyPerson): його, її, їхнього, Їхня, їх, їхньому, їхнюEMPTY(414): кілька, які, всі, який, той, усіх, яких, одного, всіх, свою
Person seems to be lexical feature of DET. 100% lemmas (10) occur only with one value of Person.
AUX
22 uk-pos/AUX tokens (13% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Aspect=Imp (22; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (22; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (22; 100%), Mood=Ind (21; 95%), Number=Sing (18; 82%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3; 14% of non-emptyPerson): будемо, Буду2(1; 5% of non-emptyPerson): Будьте3(18; 82% of non-emptyPerson): є, будеEMPTY(151): було, був, була, були, б, бути, би, бувши, ці
| Paradigm бути | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur | Будьте | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut | Буду | буде | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | є | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut | будемо | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | є |
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (22; 58%),
PRON –[parataxis]–> PRON (2; 100%),
PRON –[parataxis]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[compound:svc]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]