Person: person
Person
Person is typically feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (pro-drop languages).
Bulgarian is a pro-drop language, as other Slavic languages.
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- аз / az “I”
- идвам / idvam “I am coming”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- ти / ti “you”
- идваш / idvash “You are coming”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- той, тя, то / toy, tya, to “he, she, it”
- идва / idva “He/she/it is coming”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
20929 tokens (15%) have a non-empty value of Person.
5040 types (20%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
2401 lemmas (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/VERB (13068; 9% instances), bg-pos/PRON (3804; 3% instances), bg-pos/AUX (3705; 3% instances), bg-pos/DET (352; 0% instances).
VERB
13068 bg-pos/VERB tokens (84% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (13068; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (13068; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (13068; 100%), Voice=Act (12817; 98%), Mood=Ind (12817; 98%), Number=Sing (9179; 70%), Tense=Pres (8879; 68%), Aspect=Imp (7565; 58%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1632; 12% of non-emptyPerson): мога, искам, можем, кажа, имаме, смятам, говоря, мисля, благодаря, знам2(786; 6% of non-emptyPerson): можеш, имате, дойдеш, мислиш, знаеш, искаш, имаш, смятате, виж, заминеш3(10650; 81% of non-emptyPerson): има, може, няма, трябва, е, каза, могат, съобщи, заяви, станаEMPTY(2424): имало, дал, заминал, искал, направил, направили, трябвало, имал, станал, станало
| Paradigm мога | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing|Tense=Imp | можех | можеше | |
| Number=Sing|Tense=Past | можах | можа | |
| Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | мога | можеш | може |
| Number=Plur|Tense=Imp | Можехме | можеха | |
| Number=Plur|Tense=Past | можаха | ||
| Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | можем | можете | могат |
PRON
3804 bg-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (3804; 100%), PronType=Prs (3804; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (3048; 80%), Number=Sing (2211; 58%), Gender=EMPTY (2195; 58%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(859; 23% of non-emptyPerson): ни, ми, аз, нас, ние, ме, мен, мене, ний2(342; 9% of non-emptyPerson): ти, ви, те, вие, вас, тебе, теб3(2603; 68% of non-emptyPerson): той, му, го, тя, те, й, им, него, ги, яEMPTY(5309): се, си, това, които, който, която, което, всичко, кой, нищо
| Paradigm аз | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | го, него | ||
| Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | я, нея | ||
| Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | го, него | ||
| Case=Acc|Number=Sing | ме, мен, мене | те, тебе, ви, вас, теб | |
| Case=Acc|Number=Plur | нас, ни | вас, ви | ги, тях |
| Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | му, нему | ||
| Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | й | ||
| Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | му | ||
| Case=Dat|Number=Sing | ми, мен, мене | ти, ви | |
| Case=Dat|Number=Plur | ни | ви | им, тям |
| Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | той | ||
| Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | тя | ||
| Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | то | ||
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing | аз | ти, вие | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | ние, ний | вие | те |
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | й | ||
| Number=Sing | ми | ти, ви | |
| Number=Plur | ни | ви | им |
AUX
3705 bg-pos/AUX tokens (47% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (3705; 100%), Mood=Ind (3605; 97%), Voice=Act (3605; 97%), Aspect=Imp (3375; 91%), Tense=Pres (3029; 82%), Number=Sing (2641; 71%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(263; 7% of non-emptyPerson): съм, сме, бих, бях, бъдем, бъда, бихме, бяхме2(100; 3% of non-emptyPerson): си, сте, бъдеш, бихте, бяхте, беше, бъдете, Би3(3342; 90% of non-emptyPerson): е, са, бе, бъде, беше, бяха, бъдат, би, биха, биватEMPTY(4197): да, ще, бил, били, била, било, е, бъдат, са, беше
| Paradigm съм | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | би | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | бих | Би | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | бихме | бихте | биха |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бях | беше | бе, беше |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | съм | си | е |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бяхме | бяха | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | сме | сте | са |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Voice=Act | бяхте |
DET
352 bg-pos/DET tokens (16% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (352; 100%), Poss=Yes (352; 100%), Case=EMPTY (352; 100%), Definite=Def (257; 73%), Number=Sing (232; 66%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(147; 42% of non-emptyPerson): нашите, нашата, наши, нашето, моя, моята, нашия, моето, Моят, наш2(33; 9% of non-emptyPerson): вашата, вашето, вашия, ваш, вашите, ваша, ваше, вашият, твоите, ваши3(172; 49% of non-emptyPerson): техните, неговата, неговия, тяхното, негово, неговото, неговите, нейните, нейната, неговEMPTY(1808): тази, този, тези, това, всички, един, какво, една, всеки, едно
| Paradigm мой | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | Моят, моя | неговия, неговият, нейния, нейният | |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | моята | неговата, нейната | |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | моето | неговото, нейното | |
| Definite=Def|Number=Plur | моите | твоите | нейните, неговите |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | мой | негов, неин | |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | моя | негова, нейна | |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | мое | твое | негово |
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur | мои | нейни, негови |
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1047; 81%),
VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (916; 56%),
VERB –[nsubj]–> PRON (866; 52%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (742; 66%),
VERB –[xcomp]–> VERB (511; 80%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (214; 61%),
VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (90; 59%),
VERB –[csubj:pass]–> VERB (30; 56%),
VERB –[fixed]–> VERB (24; 100%),
PRON –[acl]–> VERB (5; 83%).
Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]