Person: person
Person is a feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (Russian is a pro-drop language).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- делаю “I do”
- делаем “we do”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- делаешь “you.
Singdo” - делаете “you.
Plurdo”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- делает “he/she/it does”
- делают “they do”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
3077 tokens (4%) have a non-empty value of Person.
961 types (4%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
683 lemmas (4%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: ru-pos/VERB (1761; 2% instances), ru-pos/PRON (803; 1% instances), ru-pos/DET (357; 0% instances), ru-pos/AUX (156; 0% instances).
VERB
1761 ru-pos/VERB tokens (24% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Variant=EMPTY (1761; 100%), Animacy=EMPTY (1761; 100%), Case=EMPTY (1761; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (1761; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (1761; 100%), Mood=Ind (1734; 98%), Aspect=Imp (1680; 95%), Tense=Pres (1660; 94%), Number=Sing (1269; 72%), Voice=EMPTY (1201; 68%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(26; 1% of non-emptyPerson): видим, знаем, рассмотрим, Must, Благодарю, Думаю, Наложим, Покажем, Предположим, Сорвем2(32; 2% of non-emptyPerson): см., Come, Join, Create, Raise, Ram, Shoot, pass, peek, Будь3(1703; 97% of non-emptyPerson): составляет, может, находится, входит, имеет, есть, занимает, могут, состоит, имеютEMPTY(5542): получил, родился, можно, было, начал, работал, окончил, был, род., участвовал
| Paradigm ХОТЕТЬ | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing | хочет | ||
| Number=Plur | хотим | хотите |
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 97% lemmas (633) occur only with one value of Person.
PRON
803 ru-pos/PRON tokens (47% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Animacy=EMPTY (803; 100%), Number=Sing (599; 75%), Case=Nom (426; 53%), Gender=Masc (405; 50%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(57; 7% of non-emptyPerson): я, мы, нам, нас, меня, мне, We, I, me, мной2(19; 2% of non-emptyPerson): вы, Ye, вам, тебе, You, ti, вас, тебя, тобою, ты3(727; 91% of non-emptyPerson): он, они, она, его, им, ему, них, их, ним, негоEMPTY(894): который, которые, это, того, что, которой, тем, которых, которого, себя
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (17) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
357 ru-pos/DET tokens (26% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (357; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (324; 91%), Animacy=EMPTY (312; 87%), Number=EMPTY (312; 87%), Case=EMPTY (312; 87%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(41; 11% of non-emptyPerson): н., наши, наших, мой, моя, наше, нашего, нашей, mia, Наша2(4; 1% of non-emptyPerson): твоего, Твой3(312; 87% of non-emptyPerson): его, их, её, ееEMPTY(1043): этого, все, the, своей, всех, этот, том, то, это, некоторые
AUX
156 ru-pos/AUX tokens (16% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (156; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (156; 100%), Mood=Ind (155; 99%), Aspect=Imp (150; 96%), Number=Sing (122; 78%), Tense=Pres (121; 78%), Voice=Mid (109; 70%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2; 1% of non-emptyPerson): Don, re2(1; 1% of non-emptyPerson): Stay3(153; 98% of non-emptyPerson): является, будет, являются, будут, считается, оказывается, остаётся, станет, станут, считаетEMPTY(847): был, было, были, была, стал, это, быть, стала, стало, стали
Person seems to be lexical feature of AUX. 100% lemmas (21) occur only with one value of Person.
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (151; 77%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (55; 51%),
VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (2; 100%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (2; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
62672 tokens (6%) have a non-empty value of Person.
7500 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
2978 lemmas (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: ru-pos/VERB (36029; 4% instances), ru-pos/PRON (24759; 3% instances), ru-pos/AUX (1884; 0% instances).
VERB
36029 ru-pos/VERB tokens (33% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Case=EMPTY (36029; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (36029; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (36029; 100%), Mood=Ind (35164; 98%), Aspect=Imp (30471; 85%), Tense=Pres (29985; 83%), Voice=Act (26455; 73%), Number=Sing (23268; 65%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3127; 9% of non-emptyPerson): скажем, думаю, знаю, можем, могу, хочу, видим, помню, хотим, понимаю2(1797; 5% of non-emptyPerson): можете, см., давайте, знаете, хотите, видите, давай, помните, представьте, дай3(31105; 86% of non-emptyPerson): может, есть, нет, могут, является, говорит, стоит, идет, имеет, происходитEMPTY(74712): было, быть, стал, сказал, стало, сделать, стали, сказать, делать, мог
| Paradigm мочь | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspect=Imp|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | могу | можешь | может |
| Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | можем | можете | могут |
| Aspect=Perf|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut | смогу | сможешь | сможет |
| Aspect=Perf|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut | сможем | сможете | смогут |
PRON
24759 ru-pos/PRON tokens (54% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Animacy=EMPTY (24759; 100%), Number=Sing (15379; 62%), Gender=EMPTY (13203; 53%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(6568; 27% of non-emptyPerson): я, мы, нас, мне, меня, нам, нами, мной, мною, мно-ой2(1380; 6% of non-emptyPerson): вы, ты, вас, вам, тебя, тебе, вами, тобой, тобою3(16811; 68% of non-emptyPerson): он, его, их, они, ее, она, них, ему, него, имEMPTY(20822): это, что, которые, то, все, того, том, который, этом, кто
AUX
1884 ru-pos/AUX tokens (26% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Voice=Act (1884; 100%), Aspect=Imp (1884; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (1884; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (1884; 100%), Mood=Ind (1861; 99%), Tense=Pres (1861; 99%), Number=Sing (1223; 65%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(143; 8% of non-emptyPerson): будем, буду, есть2(54; 3% of non-emptyPerson): будете, будь, будешь, будьте, есть3(1687; 90% of non-emptyPerson): будет, будут, есть, сутьEMPTY(5382): было, был, были, была, быть, будучи, бывшие, бывший, бывшем
| Paradigm быть | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing | будь | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur | будьте | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | буду, есть | будешь | будет, есть |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | будем | будете, есть | будут, есть, суть |
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (3395; 69%),
PRON –[conj]–> PRON (18; 56%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (13; 100%),
AUX –[cop]–> AUX (5; 100%),
VERB –[cc]–> VERB (4; 57%),
VERB –[flat:name]–> VERB (2; 100%),
AUX –[aux]–> AUX (2; 100%),
PRON –[aux]–> AUX (1; 100%),
AUX –[acl]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]