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Person: person

Person is a feature of verbs (TODO: also pronouns?).

1: first person

In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker or author. In plural, it includes the speaker/author and one or more additional persons.

Examples

• [fi] minä näin sinut “I saw you”
• [fi] me lähdimme “we left”

2: second person

In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance or text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.

Examples

• [fi] me tarjoamme “we offer”
• [fi] te vastaatte “you answer”

3: third person

The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.

Examples

• [fi] hän voitti “he/she won”
• [fi] he päättivät “they decided”

TODO: consider fourth person, e.g. kirja julkaistiin? (cf. ISK http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=106, http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1313)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This feature is universal but the values 0 are language-specific. It occurs with 4 different values: 0, 1, 2, 3.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].

22252 tokens (12%) have a non-empty value of Person. 4415 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. 1588 lemmas (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (11041; 6% instances), fi-pos/AUX (8736; 5% instances), fi-pos/PRON (2475; 1% instances).

VERB

11041 fi-pos/VERB tokens (44% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (11041; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (11041; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (11041; 100%), Case=EMPTY (11041; 100%), Voice=Act (11041; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (11041; 100%), Mood=Ind (9775; 89%), Number=Sing (8908; 81%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 0 (385; 3% of non-empty Person): on, saa, tulee, tuli, ei, tuntuu, kannattaa, oli, sai, tulisi
• 1 (1870; 17% of non-empty Person): haluaisin, sain, haluan, enkä, huomasin, etten, toivon, näin, ostin, ajattelin
• 2 (520; 5% of non-empty Person): lisää, ota, et, keitä, leikkaa, paista, saat, lue, sekoita, tee
• 3 (8266; 75% of non-empty Person): eikä, sai, tuli, tulee, ettei, sanoi, ottaa, on, kertoi, kertoo
• EMPTY (14057): tehdä, tehty, ottaa, saada, tullut, käyttää, saanut, olevan, antaa, saa

Paradigm saada	1	2	3	0
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres				saahan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			saikin
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			saako
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	saadaanko
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			sais
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	saisin	saisit	saisi	saisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	saisimme	Saisitte	saisivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Typo=Yes			saa
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	sain	sait	sai	sai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	saan	saat	saa	saa
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			sai
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	saimme		saivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	saamme	saatte	saavat
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing	saanen			saanee

AUX

8736 fi-pos/AUX tokens (84% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Voice=Act (8736; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (8736; 100%), Number=Sing (7578; 87%), Polarity=EMPTY (6978; 80%), Mood=Ind (6372; 73%), Tense=Pres (4886; 56%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 0 (407; 5% of non-empty Person): on, voi, pitäisi, pitää, olisi, oli, voisi, täytyy, piti, onkin
• 1 (683; 8% of non-empty Person): en, olen, olin, olemme, emme, olisin, voimme, voin, Enkä, olisimme
• 2 (136; 2% of non-empty Person): et, olet, älä, voit, älkää, olette, olisit, voitte, ette, olit
• 3 (7510; 86% of non-empty Person): on, ei, oli, ovat, olisi, voi, eivät, olivat, onko, voivat
• EMPTY (1629): ole, olla, ollut, voidaan, voi, olevan, olisi, olleet, voida, voinut

Paradigm olla	1	2	3	0
Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olihan	olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onhan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivathan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovathan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkaan		onkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkaan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onki
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinkin		olikin	olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkin		onkin	onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onks
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olikos
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onkos
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisiko	olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		oot
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko		oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko	oletko	onko	onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		ootteko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			Ovatko
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onpas
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletpa	Onpa	onpa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatpa
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisin		ois, olis	olis, ois
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll	oltaisiin		olis
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme		olisivat
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		Ole
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur		Olkaa
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oli		ol
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon, Oom	oot	on, o
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin	olit	oli	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes			ovat
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen	olet	on	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oltiin		oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			on, ollaan
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme		olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemme	olette	ovat
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes				lie
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			lienee	lienee
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur			lienevät, lie

PRON

2475 fi-pos/PRON tokens (21% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (2475; 100%), Number=Sing (1808; 73%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (923; 37% of non-empty Person): minä, meidän, me, mä, minun, minua, meillä, minulla, minulle, minut
• 2 (228; 9% of non-empty Person): sinä, sä, sinun, te, teitä, sinua, sinulle, teille, sinulla, sinut
• 3 (1324; 53% of non-empty Person): hän, hänen, he, heidän, hänet, häntä, hänelle, hänellä, hänestä, heitä
• EMPTY (9458): se, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne, mitä

Relations with Agreement in Person

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1188; 63%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (7; 100%), AUX –[aux:pass]–> AUX (3; 100%), AUX –[cop]–> AUX (2; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (1; 100%), VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (1; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%), PRON –[nmod:poss]–> PRON (1; 100%), AUX –[orphan]–> AUX (1; 100%), VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].

24797 tokens (17%) have a non-empty value of Person. 4852 types (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. 1590 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (17635; 12% instances), fi-pos/PRON (3996; 3% instances), fi-pos/AUX (2802; 2% instances), fi-pos/DET (364; 0% instances).

VERB

17635 fi-pos/VERB tokens (58% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (17635; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (17635; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (17635; 100%), Voice=Act (17635; 100%), Case=EMPTY (17635; 100%), Number=Sing (15232; 86%), Mood=Ind (13177; 75%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (2543; 14% of non-empty Person): en, olen, olin, emme, tulen, olemme, sanoin, ajattelin, olisin, näin
• 2 (1408; 8% of non-empty Person): et, älä, olet, ette, olette, ota, saat, oot, tule, anna
• 3 (13684; 78% of non-empty Person): on, ei, oli, ovat, voi, eivät, olisi, tuli, tulee, eikä
• EMPTY (12696): ole, olla, ollut, tehdä, mennä, voi, tulla, saanut, saada, ottaa

Paradigm olla	1	2	3
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			Oiskohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisikohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olikohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		Oletkohan	Onkohan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past		Olithan	olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	Olenhan		onhan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletkaan	onkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatkaan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			oliskin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		olekin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			olikii
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onki
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinkin		olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past		Olitkos
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		Oletkos	onkos
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			oisko, olisko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur		Olisitteko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			Oliks
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	olenk, oonko, ooks, Oonksmä	ootko, ootsä, Ookkonää, oleks, Ooksää	onks, onk
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko	Olitko	oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko	oletko	onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past		Olitteks
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		Oottekste, ootteko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemmeko	Oletteko	ovatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			Liekö, lieneekö
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		Oletpa	Onpa
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisi, oisin		ois, olis, os
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme	olisitte	olisivat
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Style=Coll		Oo, Ous
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		ole	olkoon
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur		Olkaa	olkoot
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oli		ol, olii, ol´
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon, oo, Oom, Oommä, ole, on, ool	oot	o, oj, om
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin	olit	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen	olet	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	Olimma	olija
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			oovat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme		olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemme	olette	ovat
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing	lienen		lienee, lie
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur			lienevät

PRON

3996 fi-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (3996; 100%), Number=Sing (3104; 78%), Case=Nom (2401; 60%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (1701; 43% of non-empty Person): minä, mä, me, minulla, minua, minun, meillä, minulle, meidän, meitä
• 2 (698; 17% of non-empty Person): sinä, sä, te, sinulle, sinua, sinun, sinulla, sinut, sulle, teillä
• 3 (1597; 40% of non-empty Person): hän, he, hänen, häntä, hänellä, hänet, hänelle, hänestä, heidän, heillä
• EMPTY (5533): se, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, ne, siitä, kaikki, tämä, mikä

AUX

2802 fi-pos/AUX tokens (82% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (2802; 100%), Voice=Act (2802; 100%), Mood=Ind (2636; 94%), Number=Sing (2394; 85%), Tense=Pres (2000; 71%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (145; 5% of non-empty Person): olen, olin, olemme, olisin, olenko, Olkaamme, Olinpa, Olisinko, Teimme, en
• 2 (87; 3% of non-empty Person): olet, olette, Ole, olkaa, oot, oletko, olit, olisit, Olisitpa, Olisitte
• 3 (2570; 92% of non-empty Person): on, oli, ovat, olisi, olivat, tuli, tulee, onko, ei, olikin
• EMPTY (623): ole, olla, ollut, olevan, olleet, ollaan, tullut, olisi, olemaan, ollu

Paradigm olla	1	2	3
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onkoha
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onkohan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onhan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovathan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkaan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing			olkoonkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinkin		olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkin	oletkin	onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olikos
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			oisko, olisko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	Olisinko		olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur			olisivatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			oliks, olik
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		oleksä, ook	onks, onk
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko		oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko	oletko	onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemmeko		ovatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			Lieneekö
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olipas
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onpas
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing		Olisitpa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		olepa	olkoonpa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	Olinpa		olipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletpa	onpa
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisin		olis, ois
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi, lienisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme	Olisitte	olisivat
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		Ole	olkoon
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur	Olkaamme	olkaa	olkoot
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			ol´, olä, ol
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon	oot	o, oj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin	olit	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen	olet	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		Ootte
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme		olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemme	olette	ovat
Mood=Opt|Number=Sing		Ollos
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			lienee
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur	lienemme		lienevät

DET

364 fi-pos/DET tokens (10% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (364; 100%), Case=Gen (337; 93%), Number=Sing (240; 66%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (141; 39% of non-empty Person): meidän, minun, mun, meiän, Meillä, meille, meistä, meitä, minunkin, minä
• 2 (57; 16% of non-empty Person): sinun, teidän, sun, sinä, te, teille, teiän
• 3 (166; 46% of non-empty Person): hänen, heidän, häne
• EMPTY (3306): se, sen, kaikki, mitään, tämä, joka, tällä, sitä, joku, tässä

Relations with Agreement in Person

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (875; 57%), VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (11; 52%).

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Person in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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