cop: copula
Copular clauses receive a special treatment in the SD scheme. The
predicative acts as the head word of the clause, and the copular verb
depends on it using a cop (copula) dependency. The only copular
verb in Finnish is olla “be” (see ISK
§891).
Huivi oli punainen . \n The_scarf was red .
nsubj:cop(punainen-3, Huivi-1)
cop(punainen-3, oli-2)
punct(punainen-3, .-4)
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=891 (in Finnish)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of cop: cop:own.
4577 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as cop.
3696 instances of cop (81%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.10421673585318.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/AUX (2168; 47% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/AUX (1376; 30% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/AUX (364; 8% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/AUX (307; 7% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/AUX (139; 3% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/AUX (133; 3% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/AUX (58; 1% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/AUX (15; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/AUX (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/AUX (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/PUNCT-fi-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/CCONJ-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
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1 Bagelit bagel NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 6 nsubj:cop _ _
2 ja ja CCONJ C _ 3 cc _ _
3 smoothiet smoothie NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 1 conj 6:nsubj:cop _
4 olivat olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
5 ihana ihana ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ _
6 tapa tapa NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 aloittaa aloittaa VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 6 acl _ _
8 aamu aamu NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
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1 On olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kiva kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 7 punct _ _
5 kun kun SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 tuolla tuolla ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _
7 sai saada VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=0|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 csubj:cop _ _
8 hipelöidä hipelöidä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 xcomp _ _
9 kaikkea kaikki PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 :) :) SYM Symb _ 3 discourse _ _
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1 Oliko olla AUX V Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 2 cop _ _
2 nyt nyt ADV Adv _ 0 root _ _
3 muuten muuten ADV Adv _ 2 advmod _ _
4 tarpeeksi tarpeeksi ADV Adv _ 5 advmod 7:advmod _
5 höpötystä höpötys NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 2 nsubj:cop _ _
6 ja ja CCONJ C _ 7 cc _ _
7 kuulumisia kuulumiset NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 5 conj 2:nsubj:cop SpaceAfter=No
8 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 :) :) SYM Symb _ 2 discourse _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
3427 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.
3138 instances of cop (92%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.08287131601984.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/AUX (1673; 49% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/AUX (1334; 39% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/AUX (158; 5% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/AUX (151; 4% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/AUX (59; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/AUX (32; 1% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances).
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1 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 aux _ _
2 voi voida VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 aux _ _
3 ajatellakhaa ajatella VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat,Kaan Case=Lat|Clitic=Kaan|InfForm=1|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 varhmaan varmaan PART Pcle Style=Coll 3 advmod _ _
5 että että SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 9 mark _ _
6 ne ne PRON Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 nsubj:cop _ _
7 ikinä ikinä ADV Adv _ 9 advmod _ _
8 olis olla AUX V,Act,Cond,Sg3 Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
9 vakinaisia vakinainen ADJ A,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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1 noo noo INTJ Pcle,Interj _ 6 discourse _ Alt=6_discourse
2 ne ne PRON Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 nsubj:cop _ _
3 o olla AUX V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
4 jottais jokin DET Pron,Qnt,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind|Style=Coll 6 det _ _
5 semssi semmoinen DET A,Dem,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem|Style=Coll 6 amod _ Alt=DET
6 sukulaissi sukulainen NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur|Style=Coll 0 root _ _
7 . . PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Sipuli sipuli NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 6 nsubj:cop _ _
2 on olla AUX V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
3 täällä täällä ADV Adv,Dem PronType=Dem 6 advmod _ _
4 aina aina ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 voissa voi NOUN N,Sg,Ine Case=Ine|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _
6 paistettua paistaa VERB V,Pass,PcpNut,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
7 . . PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]