cop: copula
This label marks the copula forms ⲡⲉ, ⲧⲉ, ⲛⲉ. Note that the copula is not the root of a copula predication, but rather a dependent of the lexical predicate, usually a noun preceding the copula, but sometimes a verb (especially with preterit conversion, followed by the ‘optional’ copula). Both cases are illustrated below.
ⲛⲉⲓ/DET ⲣⲱⲙⲉ/NOUN ϩⲉⲛ/DET ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ/NOUN ⲛⲉ/AUX \n These men are Jews.
cop(ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉ)
det(ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ, ϩⲉⲛ)
nsubj(ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ, ⲣⲱⲙⲉ)
det(ⲣⲱⲙⲉ, ⲛⲉⲓ)
ϩⲁⲙⲟⲓ/CONJ ⲟⲛ/ADV ⲛⲉ/AUX ϣⲁ/AUX ⲧⲉⲧⲛ/PRON ϭⲱ/VERB ⲛ/ADP ⲧⲉⲓ/DET ϩⲉ/NOUN ⲡⲉ/AUX \n Oh, would that you would stop in this way!
discourse(ϭⲱ, ϩⲁⲙⲟⲓ)
advmod(ϭⲱ,ⲟⲛ)
mark(ϭⲱ,ⲛⲉ)
aux(ϭⲱ,ϣⲁ)
nsubj(ϭⲱ,ⲧⲉⲧⲛ)
cop(ϭⲱ,ⲡⲉ)
nmod(ϭⲱ,ϩⲉ)
det(ϩⲉ, ⲧⲉⲓ)
case(ϩⲉ, ⲛ)
Also note that in nominal sentences, the subject is nsubj to the predicate, not to the copula. This is also true when the subject follows the copula, as shown below.
ⲛⲧⲟⲕ/PRON ⲡⲉ/AUX ⲧⲉⲩ/DET ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ/NOUN \n Their hope is you (lit. 'it's you, their hope')
cop(ⲛⲧⲟⲕ, ⲡⲉ)
nsubj(ⲛⲧⲟⲕ, ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ)
det(ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ, ⲧⲉⲩ)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
53 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
53 instances of cop (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.69811320754717.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/PRON (16; 30% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PRON (15; 28% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/PRON (15; 28% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PRON (6; 11% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/PRON (1; 2% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 8 cop color:blue
1 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERS _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 ⲧⲱⲣⲡ ⲧⲱⲣⲡ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
3 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 4 case _ _
4 ⲛ ⲡ DET ART _ 2 obj _ _
5 ⲉⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 6 mark _ _
6 ⲛⲟⲩⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲕ DET PPOS _ 4 acl _ _
7 ⲁⲛ ⲁⲛ ADV NEG Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _
8 ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉ PRON COP _ 6 cop _ _
9 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 10 det _ _
10 ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ NOUN N _ 2 vocative _ _
11 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 12 case _ _
12 ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 10 nmod _ _
13 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 3 cop color:blue
1 ⲟⲩ ⲟⲩ PRON PINT _ 0 root _ _
2 ⲟⲛ ⲟⲛ ADV ADV _ 1 advmod _ _
3 ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉ PRON COP _ 1 cop _ _
4 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 6 det _ _
5 ⲕⲉ ⲕⲉ DET ART _ 6 det _ _
6 ⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲟϭ NOUN N _ 1 nsubj _ _
7 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 8 case _ _
8 ⲡⲁⲥⲭⲁ ⲡⲁⲥⲭⲁ NOUN N _ 6 nmod _ _
9 ⲧⲉⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ PRON PPERS _ 10 nsubj _ _
10 ⲕⲱ ⲕⲱ VERB V _ 1 parataxis _ _
11 ⲙⲙⲟ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 12 case _ _
12 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 10 obj _ _
13 ⲁⲛ ⲁⲛ ADV NEG Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
14 ⲉ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 15 mark _ _
15 ⲥⲣϥⲉ ⲥⲣϥⲉ VERB V _ 10 xcomp _ _
16 ⲉ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 17 mark _ _
17 ⲁⲁ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ VERB V _ 15 xcomp _ _
18 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 17 obj _ _
19 · · PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 7 cop color:blue
1 ⲏ ⲏ CCONJ CONJ _ 3 cc _ _
2 ⲕⲉ ⲕⲉ DET ART _ 3 det _ _
3 ⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ NOUN N _ 0 root _ _
4 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 5 case _ _
5 ⲇⲓⲱⲅⲙⲟⲥ ⲇⲓⲱⲅⲙⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 3 nmod _ _
6 ⲁⲛ ⲁⲛ ADV NEG Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _
7 ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ PRON COP _ 3 cop _ _
8 ⲧⲁⲓ ⲡⲁⲓ DET PDEM _ 3 nsubj _ _
9 ⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CCIRC _ 11 mark _ _
10 ⲧⲉⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ PRON PPERS _ 11 nsubj _ _
11 ⲡⲏⲧ ⲡⲱⲧ VERB VSTAT _ 8 advcl _ _
12 ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲥⲁ ADP PREP _ 14 case _ _
13 ⲛ ⲡ DET ART _ 14 det _ _
14 ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ NOUN N _ 11 obl _ _
15 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 3 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]