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cop: copula

Warning: DRAFT

A copula verb is a linking verb that joins a subject with a predicate. Copular clauses receive a special treatment. The predicative acts as the head word of the clause, and the copular verb depends on it using a cop (copula) dependency. The cop relation is only applied when the verb is used to link a subject to its predicate (although the subject may be left out).

The full list of copula verbs is as follows:

If the morphological analyser used outputs an е- copula in aorist third person then this is attached as a leaf node.

If the copula is not third person it has overt person marking:

In the past it surfaces as еді-:

Use of “бол” without a predicate:

Use of “бол” without subject or predicate:

Warning: DRAFT


Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)

This relation is universal.

23 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as cop.

23 instances of cop (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.17391304347826.

The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: NOUN-AUX (10; 43% instances), VERB-AUX (8; 35% instances), ADJ-AUX (4; 17% instances), PRON-AUX (1; 4% instances).


cop in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]
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