cop: copula
Warning: DRAFT
A copula verb is a linking verb that joins a subject with a predicate.
Copular clauses receive a special treatment. The
predicative acts as the head word of the clause, and the copular verb
depends on it using a cop (copula) dependency. The cop relation
is only applied when the verb is used to link a subject to its predicate
(although the subject may be left out).
The full list of copula verbs is as follows:
- бол- “be, become”
- е- “be” (defective)
If the morphological analyser used outputs an е- copula in aorist third person then this is attached as a leaf node.
Бұл ойын <ø . \n It game is .
cop(ойын-2, <ø-3)
nsubj(ойын-2, Бұл-1)
punct(ойын-2, .-4)
If the copula is not third person it has overt person marking:
Мен студент <пін . \n I student am .
cop(студент-2, <пін-3)
nsubj(студент-2, Мен-1)
punct(студент-2, .-4)
In the past it surfaces as еді-:
Бірақ кеше өте суық еді ! \n But yesterday very cold was-it !
advmod(суық-4, өте-3)
cop(суық-4, еді-5)
Use of “бол” without a predicate:
Эрте заманда Эрназар деген киши болуптур . \n Early time-in Ernazar called person was .
Use of “бол” without subject or predicate:
Шылым шегуге болмайды . \n Cigarette smoking is-allowed-not .
Warning: DRAFT
Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)
This relation is universal.
23 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as cop.
23 instances of cop (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.17391304347826.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: kk-pos/NOUN-kk-pos/AUX (10; 43% instances), kk-pos/VERB-kk-pos/AUX (8; 35% instances), kk-pos/ADJ-kk-pos/AUX (4; 17% instances), kk-pos/PRON-kk-pos/AUX (1; 4% instances).
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1 Бірақ бірақ CCONJ cnjcoo _ 4 cc _ _
2 тілек тілек NOUN n Case=Nom 4 nsubj _ _
3 іске іске X x _ 4 dep _ _
4 аспай ас VERB v Aspect=Perf|Polarity=Neg|VerbForm=Conv 8 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT cm _ 4 punct _ _
6 аяғы аяқ NOUN n Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 7 nsubj _ _
7 жоқ жоқ ADJ adj _ 8 acl:relcl _ _
8 жыр жыр NOUN n Case=Nom 0 root _ _
9 болды бол AUX v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT sent _ 8 punct _ _
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1 Шешуі шеш VERB v Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3|VerbForm=Ger 3 xcomp _ _
2 деп деп X x _ 3 dep _ _
3 атауға ата VERB v Case=Dat|VerbForm=Ger 4 ccomp _ _
4 болатын бол VERB v Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _
5 болса бол AUX v Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Conv 4 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT cm _ 5 punct _ _
7 адамның адам NOUN n Case=Gen 8 nmod:poss _ _
8 шешуі шеш VERB v Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3|VerbForm=Ger 10 nsubj _ _
9 жалғыз жалғыз ADJ adj _ 10 amod _ _
10 өлім өлім NOUN n Case=Nom 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT sent _ 10 punct _ _
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1 Бес бес NUM num NumType=Card 2 nummod _ _
2 жылдың жыл NOUN n Case=Gen 3 nmod:poss _ _
3 ішінде іш NOUN n Case=Loc|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 6 obl _ _
4 үш үш NUM num NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _
5 баласы бала NOUN n Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 6 nsubj _ _
6 бар бар ADJ adj _ 0 root _ _
7 еді е AUX cop Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
8 : : PUNCT sent _ 6 punct _ _
9 екеуі екеу NUM num Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|NumType=Coll|Person[psor]=3 10 nsubj _ _
10 ұл ұл NOUN n Case=Nom 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
11 , , PUNCT cm _ 10 punct _ _
12 біреуі біреу NUM num Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|NumType=Coll|Person[psor]=3 13 nsubj _ _
13 қыз қыз NOUN n Case=Nom 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT sent _ 13 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]