cop: copula
The cop relation is used exclusively for the word 是 / shì “be” primarily as a copula linked to the main predicate, which may often be a noun or adjective. The words 為 / wéi “be, be as” and 非 / fēi “not be” are also included if they are the only verb in a sentence and the latter is semantically equivalent to the opposite of 是 shì.
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1 他 _ PRON _ _ 4 nsubj _ 3SG
2 是 _ VERB _ _ 4 cop _ be
3 我 _ PRON _ _ 4 nmod _ 1SG
4 男朋友 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ boyfriend
1 "He _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 my _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 boyfriend." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
If the complement of the copular verb is a clause, however, then the copular verb should be the head of the sentence with the clausal complement as a ccomp dependent.
1 原因 _ NOUN _ _ 2 nsubj _ reason
2 是 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ be
3 他 _ PRON _ _ 5 nsubj _ 3SG
4 沒 _ AUX _ _ 5 aux _ NEG.PERF
5 來 _ VERB _ _ 2 ccomp _ come
1 "The _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 reason _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 he _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 didn't _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 come." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
For the cleft-like focus constructions with 是 and 是…的, see ccomp.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Chinese)
This relation is universal.
1613 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
1612 instances of cop (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.13949163050217.
The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/AUX (1047; 65% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/AUX (226; 14% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/AUX (172; 11% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/AUX (89; 6% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/AUX (45; 3% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/AUX (16; 1% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/AUX (9; 1% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/ADJ (8; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
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1 大 大 ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 多數 多數 ADJ JJ _ 6 det _ SpaceAfter=No
3 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 2 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
4 加長 加長 VERB VV _ 5 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
5 型 型 PART SFN _ 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 禮車 禮車 NOUN NN _ 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 則是 則是 AUX VC _ 11 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
8 租車 租車 NOUN NN _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 公司 公司 NOUN NN _ 11 det _ SpaceAfter=No
10 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 9 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
11 財產 財產 NOUN NN _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
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1 山上 山上 NOUN NN _ 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 有 有 VERB VV _ 18 dep _ SpaceAfter=No
3 一 一 NUM CD NumType=Card 4 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 座 座 NOUN NNB _ 6 clf _ SpaceAfter=No
5 小 小 PART PFA _ 6 case:pref _ SpaceAfter=No
6 亭 亭 NOUN NN _ 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
8 名 名 NOUN NN _ 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 為 為 AUX VC _ 11 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
10 浴日 浴日 PROPN NNP _ 11 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
11 亭 亭 PART SFN _ 18 dep _ SpaceAfter=No
12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
13 是 是 AUX VC _ 18 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
14 觀望 觀望 VERB VV _ 18 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
15 海上 海上 NOUN NN _ 16 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 日出 日出 NOUN NN _ 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
17 之 之 PART DEC _ 14 mark:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
18 地 地 NOUN NN _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
19 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
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1 北極 北極 PROPN NNP _ 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 土著 土著 NOUN NN _ 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 民族 民族 NOUN NN _ 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 一直 一直 ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 與 與 ADP IN _ 6 case _ SpaceAfter=No
6 外界 外界 NOUN NN _ 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
7 接觸 接觸 AUX VV _ 8 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
8 甚少 甚少 ADJ JJ _ 19 dep _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
10 直到 直到 ADP IN _ 11 case _ SpaceAfter=No
11 現代 現代 NOUN NN _ 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
13 與 與 ADP IN _ 17 det _ SpaceAfter=No
14 其他 其他 DET DT _ 15 det _ SpaceAfter=No
15 地區 地區 NOUN NN _ 13 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 13 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
17 交流 交流 NOUN NN _ 19 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
18 才 才 ADV RB _ 19 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
19 開始 開始 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
20 變 變 AUX VV _ 22 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
21 得 得 PART DEV _ 22 mark:comp _ SpaceAfter=No
22 頻繁 頻繁 ADJ JJ _ 19 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
23 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
cop in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]