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PartForm: form of participle

(Please note: the labels on this page, including the feature name PartForm, are subject to change.)

Finnish has multiple participles forms, here termed the present, past, agent, and negative participles (VISK § 122; in Finnish).

Pres: present participle

The present participle, also known as the first participle and the VA-participle, has active and passive forms.

Examples

• [fi] haihtuva vesi “evaporating water” (present active participle)
• [fi] juotava vesi “drinkable water” (present passive participle)

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=522 (in Finnish)

Past: past participle

The past participle is also known as the second participle. Its active and passive forms are also known as the NUT- and TU-participles, respectively.

Examples

• [fi] kiinnostunut opiskelija “interested student” (past active participle)
• [fi] kunnostettu auto “repaired car” (past passive participle)

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=522 (in Finnish)

Agt: agent participle

The agent participle is also known as the MA-participle.

Examples

• [fi] naapurin kutsuma vieras “guest invited by the neighbour”

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=525 (in Finnish)

Neg: negative participle

The negative participle is a negative counterpart to the other participle forms.

Examples

• [fi] maksamaton lasku “unpaid bill”

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=526 (in Finnish)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This feature is language-specific. It occurs with 4 different values: Agt, Neg, Past, Pres.

7036 tokens (4%) have a non-empty value of PartForm. 3598 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. 1203 lemmas (5%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (6562; 4% instances), fi-pos/AUX (474; 0% instances).

VERB

6562 fi-pos/VERB tokens (26% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and PartForm co-occurred: InfForm=EMPTY (6562; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (6562; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (6562; 100%), Person=EMPTY (6562; 100%), VerbForm=Part (6562; 100%), Degree=Pos (6553; 100%), Number=Sing (4908; 75%), Voice=Act (4134; 63%), Case=Nom (3587; 55%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Agt (457; 7% of non-empty PartForm): johtama, edellyttämät, esittämä, tekemä, järjestämän, järjestämässä, olemassa, aiheuttamasta, antama, antamaa
• Neg (9; 0% of non-empty PartForm): asettelematonta, hallitsemattomissa, kunnioittamattomasta, mainitsemattoman, maksamattomia, palamaton, pesimättömiä, tavoittamattomissa, ulottumattomissa
• Past (3987; 61% of non-empty PartForm): tehty, tullut, saanut, s., tehnyt, annettu, annetun, antanut, saatu, verrattuna
• Pres (2109; 32% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, koskevat, oleva, vastaava, koskevan, olevat, koskevien, olevien, liittyviä, olevia

Paradigm maksaa	Agt	Neg	Past	Pres
Case=Ela|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettavista
Case=Ess|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass				maksettavana
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	maksaman			maksavan
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass			maksettujen
Case=Ill|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	maksamiin
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			maksanut	maksava
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass			maksettu	maksettava
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	maksamat
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettavat
Case=Par|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	maksamaa
Case=Par|Number=Plur|Voice=Act		maksamattomia
Case=Tra|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass				maksettavaksi
Case=Tra|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettaviksi

AUX

474 fi-pos/AUX tokens (5% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and PartForm co-occurred: Polarity=EMPTY (474; 100%), VerbForm=Part (474; 100%), Person=EMPTY (474; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (474; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (474; 100%), Voice=Act (410; 86%), Number=Sing (390; 82%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Agt (3; 1% of non-empty PartForm): olemaan
• Past (368; 78% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, olleet, voinut, ollu, olleen, pitänyt, joutunut, oltu, saattanut, voinu
• Pres (103; 22% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, oltava, olevansa, olevani, voivan, voitava, voivansa, aikovansa, olevaan, olevalla

Paradigm olla	Agt	Past	Pres
Case=Ade|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			olevalla
Case=Ess|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Voice=Act			olevinani
Case=Ess|Number=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act			olevinaan
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Voice=Act			olevani
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act			olevansa
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes|Voice=Act			olevaan
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		olleen	olevan
Case=Ill|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	olemaan
Case=Nom|Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		ollutkaan
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Voice=Act			olevani
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act		ollu, olluj
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Pass		oltu
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes|Voice=Act		olut
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		ollut
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass		oltu	oltava
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=2|Voice=Act			olevanne
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Voice=Act			olevani
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act			olevansa
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Voice=Act		oltu, ollut, ollu
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act		olleet
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass		ollut
Case=Par|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		ollutta
Case=Par|Number=Plur|Voice=Act		olleita

Relations with Agreement in PartForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PartForm: VERB –[acl]–> VERB (37; 84%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (3; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This feature is language-specific. It occurs with 4 different values: Agt, Neg, Past, Pres.

4577 tokens (3%) have a non-empty value of PartForm. 2653 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. 1072 lemmas (5%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (4421; 3% instances), fi-pos/AUX (156; 0% instances).

VERB

4421 fi-pos/VERB tokens (15% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and PartForm co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (4421; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (4421; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (4421; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (4421; 100%), VerbForm=Part (4421; 100%), Number=Sing (3582; 81%), Case=Nom (2796; 63%), Voice=Act (2768; 63%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Agt (180; 4% of non-empty PartForm): aiheuttama, aiheuttamasta, aiheuttamaa, aiheuttamia, edellyttämällä, johtama, järjestämiämme, järjestämä, ostamani, suosima
• Neg (85; 2% of non-empty PartForm): sietämätön, sietämättömiä, tavoittamattomissa, tietämätön, uskomaton, uskomattomalta, Käsittämättömän, Sietämätöntä, Tuntematon, aiheuttamattomat
• Past (3021; 68% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, saanut, tullut, tehty, käynyt, ollu, sanonut, tehnyt, nähnyt, voinut
• Pres (1135; 26% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, oleva, olevansa, tehtävä, olevat, olevia, tulevan, kuluvan, lähdettävä, olevaa

Paradigm tietää	Agt	Neg	Past	Pres
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1	tietämäni
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act			tienneensä	tietävänsä
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act				tietävän
Case=Nom|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			tiennytkin
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act			tienny
Case=Nom|Number=Sing		tietämätön
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			tiennyt
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass			tiedetty	tiedettävä
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act			tienneet

AUX

156 fi-pos/AUX tokens (5% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and PartForm co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (156; 100%), Person=EMPTY (156; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (156; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (156; 100%), Voice=Act (149; 96%), Number=Sing (135; 87%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Past (121; 78% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, olleet, tullut, ollu, oltu, kehkeytynyt, olleen, tulleen, kasvanut, muovanneet
• Pres (35; 22% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, oltava, tuleva, olevansa, tulevan, oleva, olevani, olevinaan, olevinasi

Paradigm olla	Past	Pres
Case=Ess|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=2|Voice=Act		olevinasi
Case=Ess|Number=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act		olevinaan
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Voice=Act		olevani
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act		olevansa
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	olleen	olevan
Case=Nom|Clitic=Kaan|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	olleetkaan
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act	ollu, olluh
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	ollut	oleva
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass	oltu	oltava
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	olleet
Case=Par|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Pass	oltuaan

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PartForm in other languages: [fi]

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