Tense: tense
The Tense feature applies to verbs (VERB and AUX),
specifying the time when the action took or takes place, in
relation to the current moment or to another action in the
utterance.
Tense does not apply to non-finite verbs (infinitives and
participles), the negation verb ei, or verbs not in the
indicative mood (see
http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=111; in Finnish).
Pres: present tense
The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now or that usually happen.
Examples
- [fi] järjestelmä toimii “the system works”
Past: past tense / preterite
The past tense denotes actions that happened before the current moment.
Examples
- [fi] joukkue voitti “the team won”
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1523 (in Finnish)
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1530 (in Finnish)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 2 different values: Past, Pres.
19480 tokens (11%) have a non-empty value of Tense.
4577 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
1642 lemmas (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (12364; 7% instances), fi-pos/AUX (7116; 4% instances).
VERB
12364 fi-pos/VERB tokens (49% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (12364; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (12364; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (12364; 100%), Mood=Ind (12364; 100%), Case=EMPTY (12364; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (12364; 100%), Voice=Act (9775; 79%), Number=Sing (7844; 63%), Person=3 (7623; 62%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(5416; 44% of non-emptyTense): tuli, sai, sanoi, alkoi, kertoi, teki, voitti, oli, toimi, nousiPres(6948; 56% of non-emptyTense): tulee, saa, on, ottaa, kertoo, sanoo, kuuluu, tekee, pitää, haluaaEMPTY(12734): eikä, ettei, tehdä, tehty, ottaa, tullut, käyttää, saada, saanut, ei
| Paradigm saada | Pres | Past |
|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | saahan | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | saikin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Voice=Pass | saadaankin | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | saako | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | saadaanko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Voice=Pass | saadaanko | |
| Connegative=Yes | saa | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Pass | saada | |
| Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | saa | sai |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | saan | sain |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | saat | sait |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Typo=Yes|Voice=Act | saa | |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | saa | sai |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | saamme | saimme |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Act | saatte | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | sai | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | saavat | saivat |
| Voice=Pass | saadaan | saatiin |
AUX
7116 fi-pos/AUX tokens (69% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: Polarity=EMPTY (7116; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (7116; 100%), Mood=Ind (7116; 100%), Voice=Act (6372; 90%), Person=3 (5634; 79%), Number=Sing (5513; 77%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(1495; 21% of non-emptyTense): oli, olivat, olin, piti, olikin, saattoi, oliko, joutui, oltiin, taisiPres(5621; 79% of non-emptyTense): on, ovat, ole, voi, voidaan, olen, olemme, onko, voivat, pitääEMPTY(3249): ei, olisi, olla, ollut, en, eivät, voisi, pitäisi, olevan, emme
| Paradigm olla | Pres | Past |
|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | olihan | |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onhan | olihan |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | olihan | |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovathan | olivathan |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Style=Coll | olekkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes | olekaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkaan | olikaan |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatkaan | |
| Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes | olekin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | onkin | olikin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenkin | olinkin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onki | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkin | olikin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatkin | olivatkin |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onks | |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkos | Olikos |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | onko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenko | olinko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oot | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onko | oliko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ootteko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | Ovatko | olivatko |
| Clitic=Pa,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onpas | |
| Clitic=Pa,S|Style=Coll|Voice=Pass | Ollaas | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | onpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onpa | olipa |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | olivatpa | |
| Connegative=Yes|Style=Coll | oo, olla, o | |
| Connegative=Yes | ole | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Pass | olla | |
| Number=Sing|Person=0|Voice=Act | on | oli |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oon, Oom | oli |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olen | olin |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oot | |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | olet | olit |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | on, o | ol |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Typo=Yes|Voice=Act | ovat | |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | on | oli |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oltiin | |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | olemme | olimme |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Act | olette | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | on, ollaan | oli |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovat | olivat |
| Voice=Pass | ollaan | oltiin |
Relations with Agreement in Tense
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1480; 74%),
VERB –[acl:relcl]–> VERB (56; 58%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (6; 100%),
AUX –[aux:pass]–> AUX (3; 100%),
AUX –[cop]–> AUX (2; 100%),
AUX –[conj]–> VERB (2; 100%),
VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[acl]–> VERB (1; 100%),
AUX –[parataxis]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 2 different values: Past, Pres.
19375 tokens (14%) have a non-empty value of Tense.
4912 types (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
1694 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (16457; 11% instances), fi-pos/AUX (2918; 2% instances).
VERB
16457 fi-pos/VERB tokens (54% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: InfForm=EMPTY (16457; 100%), Case=EMPTY (16457; 100%), Mood=Ind (16457; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16457; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (16457; 100%), Voice=Act (14982; 91%), Number=Sing (11710; 71%), Person=3 (10683; 65%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(6073; 37% of non-emptyTense): oli, tuli, sanoi, olin, ollut, sai, olivat, piti, meni, jäiPres(10384; 63% of non-emptyTense): on, ole, voi, ovat, tulee, olen, saa, pitää, täytyy, onkoEMPTY(13874): ei, en, olla, olisi, eivät, ollut, eikä, pitäisi, tehdä, et
| Paradigm olla | Pres | Past |
|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | Oletkohan | |
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onkohan | Olikohan |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | Olenhan | |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | Olithan | |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onhan | olihan |
| Clitic=Han|Voice=Pass | Oltiinhan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | ollutkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | olekaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkaan | olikaan |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | olivatkaan | |
| Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ookin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | olekin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olinkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onki | olikii |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkin | olikin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Voice=Pass | Oltiinkin | |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | Oletkos | Olitkos |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkos | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oonko, olenk, ooks, Oonksmä | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenko | olinko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ootko, ootsä, Ookkonää, oleks, Ooksää | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletko | Olitko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onks, onk | Oliks |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onko | oliko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | olemmeko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ootteko, Oottekste | Olitteks |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Act | Oletteko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatko | |
| Clitic=Pa,S|Voice=Pass | Ollaanpas | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | Oletpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onpa | |
| Clitic=S|Style=Coll|Voice=Pass | Ollaas | |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ollu | |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | ollut | |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Plur|Voice=Act | olleet | |
| Connegative=Yes|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oo, o, om, os, ook | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | ole | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Pass | olla | oltu |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oon, oo, ole, Oom, Oommä, ool, on | oli |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olen | olin |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oot | |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | olet | olit |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | o, oj, om | ol, ol´, olii |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | on | oli |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | Olimma | |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | olemme | olimme |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | olija | |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Act | olette | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oovat | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovat | olivat |
| Style=Coll|Voice=Pass | ollaa | oltii |
| Voice=Pass | ollaan | oltiin |
AUX
2918 fi-pos/AUX tokens (85% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (2918; 100%), Mood=Ind (2918; 100%), Voice=Act (2877; 99%), Person=3 (2437; 84%), Number=Sing (2293; 79%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(687; 24% of non-emptyTense): oli, olivat, tuli, olin, ollut, olikin, oliko, tullut, olit, ollutkaanPres(2231; 76% of non-emptyTense): on, ovat, ole, olen, olet, tulee, onko, olemme, ollaan, oletteEMPTY(507): olla, olisi, ollut, olevan, olleet, ei, olemaan, tulisi, tullut, Ole
| Paradigm olla | Pres | Past |
|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onkoha | |
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onkohan | |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onhan | Olihan |
| Clitic=Han|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovathan | |
| Clitic=Han|Voice=Pass | Ollaanhan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | ollutkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | olekaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkaan | olikaan |
| Clitic=Kaan|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatkaan | |
| Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | olekin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenkin | olinkin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onkin | olikin |
| Clitic=Kin|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatkin | |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Olikos | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olenko | olinko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ook, oleksä | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | onks, onk | oliks, olik |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onko | oliko |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | olemmeko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovatko | |
| Clitic=Pa,S|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | Onpas | Olipas |
| Clitic=Pa,S|Voice=Pass | ollaanpas | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | Olinpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | oletpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | onpa | olipa |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | ollu | |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | ollut | |
| Connegative=Yes|Number=Plur|Voice=Act | olleet | |
| Connegative=Yes|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oo, o | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Act | ole | |
| Connegative=Yes|Voice=Pass | olla | |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oon | |
| Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Act | olen | olin |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | oot | |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | olet | olit |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | o, oj | olä, ol, ol´ |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | on | oli |
| Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act | olemme | olimme |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Style=Coll|Voice=Act | Ootte | |
| Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Act | olette | |
| Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act | ovat | olivat |
| Style=Coll|Voice=Pass | oltti | |
| Voice=Pass | ollaan | oltiin |
Relations with Agreement in Tense
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1056; 66%).
Tense in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]