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Tense: tense

Tense is a feature of verbs.

Past: past tense

Examples

• Lui andò a casa “he went home”

Pres: present tense

The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now or that usually happen.

Examples

• Lui va a casa “he goes home”

Fut: future tense

Examples

• andrà a casa “he/she will go home”

Imp: imperfect

• andava a casa “he/she was going home”

Nar: narrative

Not used.

Pqp: pluperfect

Not used.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fut, Imp, Past, Pres.

28798 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 6416 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 1925 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/VERB (18391; 7% instances), it-pos/AUX (10406; 4% instances), it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).

VERB

18391 it-pos/VERB tokens (75% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Number=Sing (13128; 71%), Gender=EMPTY (10293; 56%), VerbForm=Fin (9932; 54%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (400; 2% of non-empty Tense): sarà, vedrà, avrà, farà, vedremo, andrà, diventerà, saranno, avranno, continuerà
• Imp (865; 5% of non-empty Tense): era, aveva, chiamava, erano, faceva, avevano, facevano, diceva, lavorava, prevedeva
• Past (9088; 49% of non-empty Tense): fatto, visto, vinto, avuto, tenuto, detto, morì, nato, dato, ricevuto
• Pres (8038; 44% of non-empty Tense): ha, è, hanno, trova, sono, fa, chiama, dice, fanno, significa
• EMPTY (6070): fare, far, vedere, avere, dire, dare, chiedere, andare, pagare, usare

Paradigm avere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			avuto
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			avuta
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	avrebbe
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	avreste
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	avrebbero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	ho	avrò		avevo
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	hai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	ha	avrà	ebbe	aveva
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	abbiamo	Avremo		avevamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	avete	avrete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	hanno	avranno	ebbero	avevano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	abbia			avesse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	abbiano
Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part	avente
Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part	aventi

AUX

10406 it-pos/AUX tokens (94% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (9691; 93%), Person=3 (9107; 88%), Mood=Ind (8760; 84%), Number=Sing (7499; 72%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (207; 2% of non-empty Tense): sarà, saranno, potrà, dovrà, potranno, dovranno, verrà, sarò, avrà, verranno
• Imp (826; 8% of non-empty Tense): era, erano, aveva, avevano, fosse, avesse, poteva, fossero, potevano, avevo
• Past (1050; 10% of non-empty Tense): stato, stata, fu, stati, venne, state, furono, potuto, dovuto, vennero
• Pres (8323; 80% of non-empty Tense): è, sono, ha, può, hanno, deve, possono, sia, viene, ho
• EMPTY (652): essere, aver, poter, esser, essendo, dover, avere, voler, venire, avendo

Paradigm essere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stato
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			stati
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stata
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			state
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sarei
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbe
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	saremmo
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbero
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	sii
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sono	sarò	Fui	ero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	sei	sarai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	è, e', É, E’, sono, E`	sarà	fu	era
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	siamo	saremo		eravamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	siete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sono, son, È	saranno	furono	erano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin				fossi
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sia			fosse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin				fossimo
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	siano			fossero

NOUN

1 it-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Tense co-occurred: Number=Sing (1; 100%), Gender=Masc (1; 100%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Past (1; 100% of non-empty Tense): previsto
• EMPTY (56271): anni, presidente, parte, fondo, diritto, anno, legge, persone, città, proprietario

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1290; 74%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (3; 100%), AUX –[cop]–> AUX (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fut, Imp, Past, Pres.

3977 tokens (9%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 1755 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 739 lemmas (14%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/VERB (2570; 6% instances), it-pos/AUX (1407; 3% instances).

VERB

2570 it-pos/VERB tokens (71% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Number=Sing (1725; 67%), Gender=EMPTY (1469; 57%), VerbForm=Fin (1396; 54%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (53; 2% of non-empty Tense): avranno, avrò, continuerà, richiederà, visualizzeranno, approveremo, avrete, avrà, baseranno, basterà
• Imp (126; 5% of non-empty Tense): facevano, aveva, erano, avevano, cercava, chiamava, esprimeva, garantiva, lavorava, raggiungesse
• Past (1371; 53% of non-empty Tense): scrisse, considerato, fatto, dato, avuto, iniziò, visto, morì, portato, portò
• Pres (1020; 40% of non-empty Tense): ha, è, hanno, rappresenta, emergenti, fa, riguarda, sono, tratta, concernente
• EMPTY (1046): far, fare, garantire, creare, dare, fornire, aumentare, avere, migliorare, contribuire

Paradigm avere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			avuto
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			avuta
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	avrebbero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	ho	avrò
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	hai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	ha	avrà	ebbe	aveva
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	abbiamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin		avrete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	hanno	avranno	ebbero	avevano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	abbia			avesse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	abbiano
Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part	aventi

AUX

1407 it-pos/AUX tokens (92% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1294; 92%), Person=3 (1192; 85%), Mood=Ind (1042; 74%), Number=Sing (924; 66%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (41; 3% of non-empty Tense): sarà, potrà, saranno, potranno, verrà, dovrà, Dovremo, avrai, avremo, avrà
• Imp (139; 10% of non-empty Tense): era, erano, aveva, fosse, fossero, avesse, avevano, venivano, avevamo, avessero
• Past (177; 13% of non-empty Tense): stato, fu, stati, furono, stata, state, potuto, dovuto, venne, vennero
• Pres (1050; 75% of non-empty Tense): è, sono, ha, hanno, può, sia, possono, potrebbe, dovrebbero, siano
• EMPTY (126): essere, aver, dover, poter, essendo, esser, avendo, voler

Paradigm essere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stato
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			stati
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stata
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			state
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sarei
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbe
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	saremmo
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sono
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin		sarai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	è, e'	sarà	fu	era
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	siamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	siete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sono	saranno	furono	erano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sia			fosse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	siano			fossero

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (168; 80%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (1; 100%).

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Tense in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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