conj: conjunct
A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a coordinating conjunction, such as e, o, etc. The head of the relation is the first conjunct and all the other conjuncts depend on it via the conj relation. Here are some examples of the use of the conj relation.
- coordination with conjunctions
Siamo andati alla stazione Termini e lo abbiamo chiesto
cc(andati, e)
conj(andati, chiesto)
sparatorie e rapine
cc(sparatorie, e)
conj(sparatorie, rapine)
qua e là
cc(qua, e)
conj(qua, là)
- Asyndetic coordination with omitted conjunction. Commas or other punctuation symbols delimit the conjuncts.
Per il fratello di Luigi , la cognata , i nipoti
conj(fratello, cognata)
conj(fratello, nipoti)
punct(fratello, ,-6)
punct(fratello, ,-9)
quanto gli piaceva , quanto ne era innamorato
conj(piaceva, innamorato)
aux(innamorato, era)
- mixed coordination. Note that in the example ma (but) coordinates two clauses, not syntagms; head and dependent of the conj relation are the main verbs of the clauses.
l' ho vista brutta , ma poi si è ripreso
conj(vista, ripreso)
punct(vista, , )
cc(vista, ma)
The dependent of the relation automatically inherit the syntactic relations of the head, unless they have different dependencies explicitly expressed. Here, for instance, the subject of the two verbs is the same (so cominciare inherits it from lasciare), but the direct object is different (so not inherited).
I tre avevano da poco lasciato la cima e stavano cominciando la discesa .
conj(lasciato, cominciando)
nsubj(lasciato, tre)
dobj(lasciato, cima)
dobj(cominciando, discesa)
cc(lasciato, e)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
9585 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as conj.
9585 instances of conj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.82023995826813.
The following 76 pairs of parts of speech are connected with conj: it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (4258; 44% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (2230; 23% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADJ (802; 8% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (695; 7% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (163; 2% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/NOUN (156; 2% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/NUM (145; 2% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (134; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (115; 1% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (113; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (107; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PRON (106; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PROPN (82; 1% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/NOUN (54; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADJ (49; 1% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/ADJ (41; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PRON (39; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADV (36; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (21; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/NOUN (19; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (18; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NUM (17; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADV (17; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADV (16; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (16; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PRON (12; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PROPN (8; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (6; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/X (5; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), it-pos/PUNCT-it-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/CCONJ-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/X (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PUNCT-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/SYM-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 6 conj color:blue
1 gusto gusto NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 po' poco ADV B _ 1 advmod _ _
4 facile facile ADJ A Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
5 e e CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _
6 appeal appeal NOUN S _ 1 conj _ _
7 sicuro sicuro ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 14 conj color:blue
1 L' lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 ho avere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _
3 sentito sentire VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
4 qualche qualche DET DI Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 5 det _ _
5 volta volta NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obl _ _
6 a a ADP E _ 8 case _ _
7 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 telefono telefono NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 14 punct _ _
10 non non ADV BN PronType=Neg 14 advmod _ _
11 l' lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 ho avere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _
13 mai mai ADV B _ 14 advmod _ _
14 visto vedere VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 conj color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 Mi mi PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 iobj _ _
3 pare parere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 che che SCONJ CS _ 6 mark _ _
5 siano essere AUX V Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
6 proposte proposta NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 csubj _ _
7 serie serio ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 amod _ _
8 e e CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _
9 condivisibili condivisibile ADJ A Number=Plur 7 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 " " PUNCT FB _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
1502 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as conj.
1502 instances of conj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.2982689747004.
The following 42 pairs of parts of speech are connected with conj: it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (662; 44% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (311; 21% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADJ (149; 10% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (108; 7% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/NOUN (37; 2% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (34; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (27; 2% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/NUM (26; 2% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (20; 1% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (17; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PRON (16; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PROPN (14; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (14; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADJ (12; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), it-pos/CCONJ-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PUNCT-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/SYM-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 3 conj color:blue
1 creazione creazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 e e CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
3 riproduzione riproduzione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ _
4 di di ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 un' uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ SpaceAfter=No
6 Opera Opera PROPN SP _ 3 nmod _ _
7 derivata derivata NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 8 conj color:blue
1 La la PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ _
2 ringrazio ringraziare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
4 onorevole onorevole NOUN S Number=Sing 2 vocative _ _
5 Segni Segni PROPN SP _ 4 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
7 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _
8 farò fare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _
9 volentieri volentieri ADV B _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 11 conj color:blue
1 Credo credere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 che che SCONJ CS _ 5 mark _ _
3 dovremmo dovere AUX VM Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _
4 essere essere AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 5 cop _ _
5 capaci capace ADJ A Number=Plur 1 ccomp _ _
6 di di ADP E _ 7 mark _ _
7 dir dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _
8 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _
9 chiaro chiaro ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 advmod _ _
10 e e CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _
11 forte forte ADJ A Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
conj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]