conj: conjunct
A conjunct is a relation between two elements that are coordinated. The first conjunct is the head of all following conjuncts. However, any conjunction words (tagged CCONJ) and punctuation in between conjuncts depend on their immediately following conjunct.
The elements can be connected by a coordinating conjunction (1), or simply juxtaposed next to each other with or without punctuation (2).
# visual-style 1 3 conj color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 黃金週 _ PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Golden-Week
2 和 _ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ and
3 暑假 _ NOUN _ _ 1 conj _ summer-vacation
1 "Golden _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 Week _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 and _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 summer _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 vacation" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 5 conj color:blue
# visual-style 3 7 conj color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ 2SG
2 慢慢 _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ slowly
3 吸收 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ absorb
4 、 _ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
5 消化 _ VERB _ _ 3 conj _ digest
6 、 _ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
7 考慮 _ VERB _ _ 3 conj _ consider
1 "Slowly _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 absorb, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 digest, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 and _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 think _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 over." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Clauses can also be coordinated (3).
# visual-style 3 8 conj color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1 我 _ PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ 1SG
2 已經 _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ already
3 吃 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ eat
4 飽 _ ADJ _ _ 3 compound:vv _ full
5 了 _ PART _ _ 3 discourse:sp _ SP
6 ， _ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ _
7 而且 _ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ and
8 覺得 _ VERB _ _ 3 conj _ feel
9 很 _ ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ very
10 睏 _ ADJ _ _ 8 xcomp _ sleepy
1 "I'm _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 already _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 full _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 eating, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 and _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 feel _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 very _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 sleepy, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
11 too." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
We also use this function for the VERB + NEG + VERB (or AUX + NEG + AUX) interrogative construction (4-5).
# visual-style 5 7 conj color:blue
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 外面 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ outside
2 好 _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ very
3 冷 _ ADJ _ _ 0 root _ cold
4 ， _ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
5 是 _ VERB _ _ 3 parataxis _ be
6 不 _ ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ NEG
7 是 _ VERB _ _ 5 conj _ be
8 ？ _ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
1 "It's _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 cold _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 outside, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 isn't _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 it?" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 1 3 conj color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 喝 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ drink
2 不 _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ NEG
3 喝 _ VERB _ _ 1 conj _ drink
4 咖啡 _ NOUN _ _ 1 obj _ coffee
5 ？ _ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
1 "Do _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 you _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 drink _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 coffee _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 (or _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 not)?" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
In more formal registers, the negative adverb 否 fǒu may replace the NEG + VERB part of the VERB + NEG + VERB construction for certain (auxiliary) verbs (e.g., 是否 and 能否 instead of 是不是 and 能不能). In this case, the negative adverb may also be treated as a conj dependent (but note that 是否 may also be an adverb when modifying a main verb).
# visual-style 2 3 conj color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 我 _ PRON _ _ 4 nsubj _ 1SG
2 能 _ AUX _ _ 4 aux _ can
3 否 _ ADV _ _ 2 conj _ NEG
4 申請 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ apply
5 信用卡 _ NOUN _ _ 4 obj _ credit-card
6 ？ _ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
1 "Can _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 apply _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 for _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 credit _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 card?" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Note that the “et cetera” particle 等(等) / děng(děng) is treated as the final conjunct in a series of conjuncts.
# visual-style 5 8 conj color:blue
# visual-style 5 7 conj color:blue
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1 這裡 _ PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ here
2 能 _ AUX _ _ 3 aux _ can
3 買 _ ADV _ _ 0 root _ buy
4 到 _ VERB _ _ 3 compound:vv _ arrive
5 臭豆腐 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obj _ stinky-tofu
6 、 _ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
7 滷水蛋 _ PUNCT _ _ 5 conj _ brined-eggs
8 等等 _ PART _ _ 5 conj _ etc.
1 "One _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 can _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 buy _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 stinky _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 tofu, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 brined _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 eggs, _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 etc. _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 here." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Another special case where conj is used is in the paired adjacent prepositional phrases indicating a span of distance, time, etc., introduced by prepositions such as 從… 到… / cóng dào “from… to…”, 由… 到… / yóu dào “from… to…” – the second prepositional phrase is treated as a conjunct of the first:
# visual-style 2 4 conj color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
1 從 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ from
2 星期一 _ NOUN _ _ 5 obl:tmod _ Monday
3 到 _ ADP _ _ 4 case _ to
4 星期三 _ NOUN _ _ 2 conj _ Wednesday
5 關門 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ close
1 "Closed _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 Monday _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 to _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 Wednesday" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Chinese)
This relation is universal.
2862 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as conj.
2862 instances of conj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.55101327742837.
The following 43 pairs of parts of speech are connected with conj: zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NOUN (1254; 44% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/PROPN (421; 15% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PART (273; 10% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/VERB (252; 9% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PART (166; 6% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/NOUN (121; 4% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/ADJ (63; 2% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/NOUN (53; 2% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/NUM (48; 2% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/X (38; 1% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/PART (23; 1% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PROPN (20; 1% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/VERB (16; 1% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PROPN (15; 1% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/ADJ (15; 1% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/NOUN (13; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/VERB (12; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/NOUN (8; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/PART (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/X (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/X (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/PART (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/AUX-zh-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/X (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/CCONJ-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/SYM-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 23 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 23 fgColor:white
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
# visual-style 14 23 conj color:blue
1 這種 這種 DET DT _ 2 det _ SpaceAfter=No
2 車輛 車輛 NOUN NN _ 10 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
3 如果 如果 ADP IN _ 4 case _ SpaceAfter=No
4 歸 歸 VERB VV _ 10 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
5 私人 私人 NOUN NN _ 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
6 擁有 擁有 VERB VV _ 4 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
8 多半 多半 ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 會 會 AUX MD _ 10 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
10 設置 設置 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
11 昂貴 昂貴 ADJ JJ _ 14 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 的 的 PART DEC _ 11 mark:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
13 音頻 音頻 NOUN NN _ 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
14 設備 設備 NOUN NN _ 10 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 、 、 PUNCT EC _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
16 電視 電視 NOUN NN _ 17 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
17 機 機 PART SFN _ 14 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
18 、 、 PUNCT EC _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
19 影碟 影碟 NOUN NN _ 20 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
20 機 機 PART SFN _ 14 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
22 以及 以及 CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ SpaceAfter=No
23 吧台 吧台 NOUN NN _ 14 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
24 和 和 CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ SpaceAfter=No
25 冰箱 冰箱 NOUN NN _ 23 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
26 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 11 conj color:blue
1 天帝 天帝 PROPN NNP _ 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 軍 軍 PART SFN _ 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
3 得知 得知 VERB VV _ 14 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
4 真相 真相 NOUN NN _ 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 後 後 ADP IN _ 3 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
7 也 也 ADV RB _ 14 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 為 為 ADP IN _ 13 case _ SpaceAfter=No
9 法魯克 法魯克 PROPN NNP _ 13 det _ SpaceAfter=No
10 與 與 CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ SpaceAfter=No
11 拳四郎 拳四郎 PROPN NNP _ 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 9 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
13 對決 對決 NOUN NN _ 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 劃下 劃下 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
15 休止 休止 VERB VV _ 16 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
16 符 符 PART SFN _ 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
17 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 conj color:blue
1 隨後 隨後 ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 愛斯基摩 愛斯基摩 PROPN NNP _ 3 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
3 人 人 PART SFN _ 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 和 和 CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ SpaceAfter=No
5 維京 維京 PROPN NNP _ 6 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
6 人 人 PART SFN _ 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 相繼 相繼 ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 定居 定居 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
9 於 於 ADP IN _ 10 case _ SpaceAfter=No
10 此 此 PRON PRD _ 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
conj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]