Case: case
In Bulgarian only some nouns have special vocative forms (v):
Examples
- Иване, приятелю, Родино, Стефке / Ivane, priyatelyu, Rodino, Stefke (Ivan, friend, homeland, Stefka)
The cases are still alive in personal pronouns: nominative (n), accusative (a) and dative (d).
Examples
- нея, тя, му, го / neya, tya, mu, go (her.ACC.LONG, she.NOM, him.DAT.SHORT, him.ACC.SHORT).
Accusative and dative cases are still present in the masculine, singular forms of some other pronouns – interrogative, indefinite, collective, relative, negative. Please note that the dative forms are analytical and thus, only the accusative form is marked after the preposition ‘на’.
Examples
- кого, някого, никого / kogo, nyakogo, nikogo (whom, someone.ACC, nobody.ACC)
- на кого, на някого, на никого / na kogo, na nyakogo, na nikogo (to whom, to someone.ACC, to nobody.ACC)
In our tagset another idiosyncratic case has been marked – the so-called ‘dative possessive case’ (s). It refers to situations where the short possessive pronoun comes before its possessor noun and thus – next to the verb.
Examples
- Той ми взе шапката / Toy mi vze shapkata ‘He my.POSS took hat.DEF’ (He took my hat.)
The canonical sentence would be: Той взе шапката ми / Toy vze shapkata mi ‘He took hat.DEF my.POSS’ (He took my hat).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 4 different values: Acc, Dat, Nom, Voc.
9107 tokens (6%) have a non-empty value of Case.
136 types (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case.
28 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/PRON (8282; 6% instances), bg-pos/DET (797; 1% instances), bg-pos/ADJ (23; 0% instances), bg-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances).
PRON
8282 bg-pos/PRON tokens (91% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Case co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (7676; 93%), PronType=Prs (6522; 79%), Gender=EMPTY (5365; 65%), Person=EMPTY (5270; 64%), Reflex=EMPTY (4772; 58%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(3991; 48% of non-emptyCase): се, го, него, ги, я, тях, нас, ме, ни, неяDat(753; 9% of non-emptyCase): си, му, ми, й, им, ти, ни, ви, мен, менеNom(3538; 43% of non-emptyCase): си, това, той, които, който, тя, те, която, което, азEMPTY(831): му, ни, й, им, ми, ви, ти, защо, каквото, дето
| Paradigm аз | Nom | Acc | Dat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | той | го, него | му, нему |
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | тя | я, нея | й |
| Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3 | то | го, него | му |
| Number=Sing|Person=1 | аз | ме, мен, мене | ми, мен, мене |
| Number=Sing|Person=2 | ти, вие | те, тебе, ви, вас, теб | ти, ви |
| Number=Plur|Person=1 | ние, ний | нас, ни | ни |
| Number=Plur|Person=2 | вие | вас, ви | ви |
| Number=Plur|Person=3 | те | ги, тях | им, тям |
DET
797 bg-pos/DET tokens (37% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Case co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (797; 100%), Person=EMPTY (797; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (639; 80%), Number=Sing (613; 77%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(1; 0% of non-emptyCase): никогоNom(796; 100% of non-emptyCase): тази, това, всички, един, всеки, едно, някои, тая, всяко, някойEMPTY(1363): този, тези, какво, една, нашите, всяка, какви, своите, своя, такива
| Paradigm никой | Nom | Acc |
|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc | никого | |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut | нищо | |
| Gender=Masc | никой |
ADJ
23 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (0% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Case co-occurred: Degree=Pos (23; 100%), Aspect=EMPTY (23; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (23; 100%), VerbForm=EMPTY (23; 100%), Gender=Masc (23; 100%), Number=Sing (23; 100%), Voice=EMPTY (23; 100%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Case:
Voc(23; 100% of non-emptyCase): Нови, уважаеми, драги, млади, Велики, Преподобни, други, любезни, мили, скъпиEMPTY(12191): народното, други, българската, другите, нова, последните, 2001, нови, друг, европейската
Case seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (11) occur only with one value of Case.
PROPN
5 bg-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Case co-occurred: Number=Sing (5; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (5; 100%), Gender=Masc (4; 80%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(1; 20% of non-emptyCase): ПеткаVoc(4; 80% of non-emptyCase): Нови, Господи, ЯнкеEMPTY(7625): България, София, Иван, ЕС, Европа, СДС, Петър, Стоянов, Костов, Георги
Relations with Agreement in Case
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Case:
PRON –[nsubj]–> PRON (11; 65%),
PRON –[conj]–> PRON (4; 100%),
PRON –[det]–> DET (3; 100%),
PRON –[nmod]–> PRON (1; 100%).
Case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]