Case: case
Latvian features case for nouns (NOUN, PROPN), adjectives (ADJ), some numerals (NUM), some participles (VERB with VerbForm=Part) and some pronouns (PRON and DET).
Values used:
Nom(nominative)Acc(accusative)Dat(dative)Gen(genitive)Loc(locative)Vocvocative) - mostly for nouns, sometimes hard to distinguish from nominative.
Theoretically possible values:
- Ins (instrumental) - described in literature and used in older texts, however, in contemporary language has turned an analytical form, consisting of preposition ar “with” and singular accusative or plural dative. Rare cases of preposition-less instrumentals are not distinguished from accusatives/datives.
Values not present in Latvian:
- Abs (absolutive)
- Erg (ergative)
- Par (partitive)
- Dis (distributive)
- Ess (essive / prolative)
- Tra (translative / factive)
- Com (comitative / associative)
- Abe (abessive)
- Ine (inessive)
- Ill (illative)
- Ela (elative)
- Add (additive)
- Ade ( adessive)
- All (allative)
- Abl (ablative)
- Sup (superessive)
- Sub (sublative)
- Del (delative)
- Lat (lative / directional allative)
- Tem (temporal)
- Ter (terminative / terminal allative)
- Cau (causative / motivative)
- Ben (benefactive / destinative)
- Cmp (comparative)
- Equ (equative)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Latvian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 6 different values: Acc, Dat, Gen, Loc, Nom, Voc.
21005 tokens (47%) have a non-empty value of Case.
8854 types (74%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case.
4817 lemmas (69%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case.
The feature is used with 7 part-of-speech tags: lv-pos/NOUN (11511; 26% instances), lv-pos/PRON (3035; 7% instances), lv-pos/ADJ (2244; 5% instances), lv-pos/PROPN (1523; 3% instances), lv-pos/VERB (1401; 3% instances), lv-pos/DET (1011; 2% instances), lv-pos/NUM (280; 1% instances).
NOUN
11511 lv-pos/NOUN tokens (100% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Case co-occurred: Number=Sing (8094; 70%), Gender=Fem (6025; 52%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(2205; 19% of non-emptyCase): skaitu, laiku, gadu, nagus, dienu, galvu, pasauli, darbu, reizi, rokuDat(1085; 9% of non-emptyCase): piemēram, gadiem, cilvēkiem, mātei, bērniem, cilvēkam, dalībvalstīm, gadam, iedzīvotājiem, jautājumiemGen(3899; 34% of non-emptyCase): gada, valsts, darba, izglītības, atkritumu, darbinieku, latu, nagu, finanšu, pasaulesLoc(1637; 14% of non-emptyCase): gadā, laikā, gadījumā, vietā, mājās, gados, jomā, attiecībā, jūlijā, saskaņāNom(2666; 23% of non-emptyCase): meitene, dalībvalstis, skaits, uzņēmums, jautājums, informācija, pasaule, bērns, cilvēki, cilvēksVoc(19; 0% of non-emptyCase): minci, meli, saule, Draugi, Mammuci, debestiņ, draudzenīt, vecmāmiņEMPTY(24): Sanī, daudzdzīvokļu, foto, Cukini, Padomju, aizmākoņu, alibi, apļveida, auto, brīvdabas
| Paradigm gads | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing | gads | gadu | gadam | gada | gadā |
| Number=Plur | gadi | gadus | gadiem | gadu | gados |
PRON
3035 lv-pos/PRON tokens (100% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Case co-occurred: Number=Sing (2054; 68%), Person=EMPTY (1526; 50%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(555; 18% of non-emptyCase): to, ko, viņu, mani, sevi, neko, visu, kuru, tādu, tosDat(476; 16% of non-emptyCase): man, viņai, tam, mums, tev, viņam, sev, kam, tiem, viņiemGen(191; 6% of non-emptyCase): viņa, viņas, mūsu, tā, jūsu, manis, sevis, tās, nekā, kāLoc(91; 3% of non-emptyCase): kurā, tajā, šajā, sevī, kādā, manī, pašā, tādā, viņā, kurosNom(1722; 57% of non-emptyCase): es, kas, viņa, tas, viņš, mēs, tu, tā, viņi, viss
| Paradigm es | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| es | mani | man, manim | manis | manī |
ADJ
2244 lv-pos/ADJ tokens (87% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Case co-occurred: NumType=EMPTY (2174; 97%), Degree=Pos (2047; 91%), Number=Sing (1520; 68%), Gender=Masc (1178; 52%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(467; 21% of non-emptyCase): jaunu, lielu, pirmo, labu, jauno, galveno, lielo, lielāko, lielāku, baltuDat(203; 9% of non-emptyCase): labiem, lielākajiem, dažādiem, maziem, pārējām, pēdējiem, sociālajiem, dažādām, komiskiem, kompetentajāmGen(454; 20% of non-emptyCase): pedagoģisko, nacionālās, otrās, vispārējās, sabiedrisko, dažādu, papildu, jauna, augstākās, nekustamāLoc(220; 10% of non-emptyCase): lielā, Oficiālajā, nacionālajā, pēdējos, otrajā, tuvākajā, ceturtajā, jaunajā, juridiskajā, lielajāNom(899; 40% of non-emptyCase): iespējams, liels, nepieciešams, liela, galvenais, vienīgais, Nacionālā, maza, īsts, dažādasVoc(1; 0% of non-emptyCase): mīļoEMPTY(325): 2012., 1., 2., 3., 2010., 2011., 2007., 4., 2013., 7.
| Paradigm liels | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Degree=Pos|Number=Sing | liels, lielais | lielu, lielo | lielajam | lielā, liela | lielā |
| Degree=Pos|Number=Plur | lielos, lielus | lielajiem, lieliem | lielu | lielos | |
| Degree=Cmp|Number=Sing | lielāks, lielākais | lielāku, Lielāko | lielākā | ||
| Degree=Cmp|Number=Plur | lielākie | lielākajiem | lielāku |
PROPN
1523 lv-pos/PROPN tokens (85% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Case co-occurred: Abbr=EMPTY (1523; 100%), Number=Sing (1468; 96%), Gender=Fem (859; 56%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(121; 8% of non-emptyCase): Andri, Mārtiņu, Sofiju, Vidu, Brazovski, Latviju, Lietuvu, Luīzi, Balvi, BankroftuDat(78; 5% of non-emptyCase): Sofijai, Meļko, Hildai, Jūrunai, Patrīcijai, Amundsenai, Andrim, Izoldei, Kārlim, MiķelsonamGen(510; 33% of non-emptyCase): Latvijas, Eiropas, Rīgas, Jelgavas, Latvenergo, Grūtupa, Baltijas, Pillar, Andra, SofijasLoc(115; 8% of non-emptyCase): Latvijā, Rīgā, Briselē, Eiropā, Daugavpilī, Itālijā, Jelgavā, Lietuvā, Maskavā, MeļkoNom(684; 45% of non-emptyCase): Sofija, Andris, Vilks, Ģirts, Kuplais, Rīga, Sanī, Ziedonis, Jānis, LETAVoc(15; 1% of non-emptyCase): Sofij, Sanī, Didzi, Agnes, DIDZI, Maija, MišelEMPTY(279): SIA, ZAAO, IKP, UNESCO, DUS, LETA, ST, EEK, ES, AS
| Paradigm Sofija | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Voc | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sofija | Sofiju | Sofijai | Sofijas | Sofij | Sofijā |
VERB
1401 lv-pos/VERB tokens (19% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Case co-occurred: Mood=EMPTY (1401; 100%), Evident=EMPTY (1401; 100%), Polarity=EMPTY (1401; 100%), Person=EMPTY (1401; 100%), VerbForm=Part (1382; 99%), Degree=Pos (1381; 99%), Reflex=EMPTY (1293; 92%), Voice=EMPTY (1177; 84%), Tense=Past (1176; 84%), Aspect=Perf (1176; 84%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(141; 10% of non-emptyCase): bijušo, minēto, rīkoto, aizturētu, dotu, ievērojamu, izlietoto, kurināmo, minētos, minētāsDat(76; 5% of non-emptyCase): iesaistītajām, atklātajiem, kustamajai, noteiktajam, nākamajam, apdriskātajām, apsnigušām, apsūdzētajiem, atbilstošām, atjaunotajiemGen(105; 7% of non-emptyCase): pagājušā, finansēto, palikušo, esošo, iegūtu, ietekmējošo, minēto, minētā, mirušu, neapmaksātoLoc(48; 3% of non-emptyCase): pagājušajā, noteiktā, minētajā, Apvienotajā, aizklātā, apstiprinātajā, atbilstošā, ciešamā, cēlušās, dēvētajāNom(1031; 74% of non-emptyCase): bijis, saistīts, cēlusies, kļuvusi, rakstīts, bijusi, izlietojusi, ziņots, dibināts, radusiesEMPTY(5798): ir, bija, nav, var, būs, nebija, varētu, būtu, esmu, tiek
| Paradigm būt | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspect=Imp|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | esošais | ||||
| Aspect=Imp|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | esošo | ||||
| Aspect=Imp|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | esošā | ||||
| Aspect=Imp|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | esošās | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijušo | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijušajām | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijis | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijuši | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijusi | ||||
| Aspect=Perf|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | bijušas | ||||
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Pass | būdami |
DET
1011 lv-pos/DET tokens (100% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Case co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (816; 81%), Number=Sing (694; 69%), Gender=Masc (535; 53%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(291; 29% of non-emptyCase): savu, šo, kādu, šādu, katru, visu, manu, to, savas, visasDat(121; 12% of non-emptyCase): visiem, šai, šim, citiem, citām, saviem, šiem, katram, savai, savāmGen(194; 19% of non-emptyCase): šīs, tā, to, kāda, šī, kuras, kuru, tās, nekādas, kuraLoc(155; 15% of non-emptyCase): šajā, savā, tajā, tādā, visā, kādā, tai, katrā, pašā, citāNom(250; 25% of non-emptyCase): šī, mans, šis, šāda, tā, kāda, kāds, tāda, tāds, vairāki
| Paradigm šī | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number=Sing|Person=3 | šo | šīs | šai | ||
| Number=Sing | šī | šo | šai | šīs | šajā, šai |
| Number=Plur | šīs | šīs | šīm | šo | šajās |
NUM
280 lv-pos/NUM tokens (44% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.
The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Case co-occurred: NumType=Card (279; 100%), Gender=Masc (155; 55%), Number=Sing (147; 53%).
NUM tokens may have the following values of Case:
Acc(58; 21% of non-emptyCase): vienu, otru, divus, trīs, divas, četrus, astoņas, piecus, sešusDat(54; 19% of non-emptyCase): vienam, vienai, divām, tūkstošiem, četrām, diviem, trim, astoņiem, pieciem, piecāmGen(29; 10% of non-emptyCase): otras, vienas, divu, otra, deviņu, viena, Triju, astoņu, otrās, piecuLoc(26; 9% of non-emptyCase): vienā, piecos, trīs, deviņos, divos, divās, otrā, trijāsNom(113; 40% of non-emptyCase): viens, trīs, viena, divas, divi, otra, četri, otrs, pieci, septiņiEMPTY(360): desmit, 25, 3, 2, 2007, 4, 80, 987, 5, 20
| Paradigm viens | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender=Masc | viens | vienu | vienam | viena | vienā |
| Gender=Fem | vienu |
Relations with Agreement in Case
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Case:
NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (1559; 84%),
NOUN –[det]–> DET (899; 93%),
NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (642; 91%),
NOUN –[amod]–> VERB (396; 95%),
PROPN –[flat:name]–> PROPN (230; 98%),
NOUN –[nummod]–> NUM (180; 55%),
VERB –[nsubj:pass]–> NOUN (177; 96%),
ADJ –[nsubj]–> NOUN (117; 96%),
PROPN –[nmod]–> NOUN (114; 62%),
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (110; 98%).
Case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]