Degree: degree of comparison
Degree of comparison is typically an inflectional feature of some adjectives and adverbs.
In Bulgarian the comparative and superlative forms are created with the help of
the particles по / po “more” and най / nay “most”, which are part of the word and come in preposition,
separated by a defice.
Pos: positive, first degree
This is the base form that merely states a quality of something, without comparing it to qualities of others. Note that although this degree is traditionally called “positive”, negative properties can be compared, too.
Examples
- удобен стол / udoben stol “a comfortable chair”
- млад човек / mlad chovek “a young man”
Cmp: comparative, second degree
The quality of one object is compared to the same quality of another object.
Examples
- Моят стол е по-удобен от твоя / Moyat stol e po-udoben ot tvoya “My chair is more comfortable than yours”
- Брат ми е по-млад от мен / Brat mi e po-mlad ot men “My brother is younger than me”
Sup: superlative, third degree
The quality of one object is compared to the same quality of all other objects within a set.
Examples
- Този стол е най-удобният от всички / Tozi stol e nay-udobniyat ot vsichki “This chair is the most comfortable of all”
- Той е най-младият учител в училището / Toy e nay-mladiyat uchitel v uchilishteto “He is the youngest teacher in the school”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Cmp, Pos, Sup.
16526 tokens (12%) have a non-empty value of Degree.
6833 types (28%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
3479 lemmas (25%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/ADJ (11927; 8% instances), bg-pos/ADV (4577; 3% instances), bg-pos/PROPN (17; 0% instances), bg-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances).
ADJ
11927 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (98% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Degree co-occurred: Voice=EMPTY (10827; 91%), Aspect=EMPTY (10827; 91%), VerbForm=EMPTY (10827; 91%), Number=Sing (8357; 70%), Definite=Ind (6465; 54%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(191; 2% of non-emptyDegree): по-голяма, по-голямата, по-голямо, по-големи, по-голям, по-висок, по-бедни, по-важни, по-високи, по-високитеPos(11524; 97% of non-emptyDegree): народното, други, българската, другите, нова, нови, последните, 2001, друг, европейскатаSup(212; 2% of non-emptyDegree): най-добрият, най-големите, най-голям, най-добрите, най-големи, най-важното, най-важната, най-добър, Най-важният, най-високоEMPTY(287): пострадали, цитиран, определен, държавен, народна, уморен, фокусирано, извършено, казано, квалифицирано
| Paradigm голям | Pos | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | големият, големия | най-големия, най-големият | |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | голямата | по-голямата | най-голямата |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | по-голямото | най-голямото | |
| Definite=Def|Number=Plur | големите | по-големите | най-големите |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | голям | по-голям | най-голям |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | голяма | по-голяма | най-голяма |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | голямо | по-голямо | най-голямо |
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur | големи | по-големи | най-големи |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 96% lemmas (2764) occur only with one value of Degree.
ADV
4577 bg-pos/ADV tokens (78% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Degree co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (4576; 100%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(117; 3% of non-emptyDegree): по-късно, по-добре, по-малко, по-рано, по-бързо, по-лесно, по-скоро, по-трудно, по-силно, по-честоPos(4366; 95% of non-emptyDegree): още, вчера, само, вече, обаче, сега, много, все, днес, същоSup(94; 2% of non-emptyDegree): най-вече, най-сетне, най-често, най-добре, най-много, най-после, най-малко, най-вероятно, най-късно, най-напредEMPTY(1310): когато, защото, как, така, както, затова, тук, тъй, където, там
| Paradigm много | Pos | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|---|
| _ | по-много | най-много | |
| Definite=Def|Number=Plur|NumType=Card | многото | ||
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|NumType=Card | много, Многая | най-много |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 94% lemmas (566) occur only with one value of Degree.
PROPN
17 bg-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (17; 100%), Definite=Ind (15; 88%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(17; 100% of non-emptyDegree): Велико, Стара, Косовска, Нови, Голяма, Камен, Малко, Нова, Южен, ЮжнаEMPTY(7613): България, София, Иван, ЕС, Европа, СДС, Петър, Стоянов, Костов, Георги
VERB
5 bg-pos/VERB tokens (0% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Degree co-occurred: Mood=EMPTY (5; 100%), Person=EMPTY (5; 100%), VerbForm=Part (5; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (4; 80%), Aspect=Perf (4; 80%), Number=Plur (4; 80%), Tense=EMPTY (3; 60%), Voice=Pass (3; 60%), Definite=Def (3; 60%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(2; 40% of non-emptyDegree): по-напреднали, по-проточенPos(3; 60% of non-emptyDegree): Уволнените, останалите, отличенитеEMPTY(15487): има, може, няма, трябва, е, каза, могат, съобщи, заяви, стана
Relations with Agreement in Degree
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Degree:
ADJ –[advmod]–> ADV (370; 71%),
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (295; 92%),
ADV –[advmod]–> ADV (203; 64%),
ADV –[conj]–> ADV (43; 90%),
ADV –[fixed]–> ADV (23; 100%),
ADJ –[nsubj]–> ADJ (4; 67%),
ADJ –[advcl]–> ADJ (2; 100%),
ADJ –[obl]–> ADJ (2; 67%),
ADV –[csubj]–> ADJ (2; 67%),
ADV –[nsubj]–> ADV (1; 100%).
Degree in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]