Animacy: animacy
Similarly to Gender, animacy is a lexical feature of nouns and inflectional feature of other parts of speech that mark agreement with nouns. It is independent of gender, therefore it is encoded separately in most tagsets (e.g. all the Multext-East tagsets).
Anim: animate
Human beings, animals, fictional characters, names of professions etc. are all animate. Even nouns that are normally inanimate can be inflected as animate if they are personified. For instance, consider a children’s story about cars where cars live and talk as people; then the cars may become and be inflected as animates.
Examples of animate nouns:
- чоловік “man”, кіт “cat”, дитина “child”, комаха “insect”
Inan: inanimate
Nouns that are not animate are inanimate.
Examples of inanimate nouns:
- рік “year”, закон “law”, хустка “kerchief”, озеро “lake”, мільйон “million”
Adjectives and determiners in the accusative case have different fors depending on animacy of the nouns they modify.
For certain Ukrainian word groups it is also possible to use alternative animate flections for inanimate nouns and inanimate flections for animate nouns. This phenomenon is only possible for the accusative case. Sometimes, although not in all situations, this switch (inanimisation or animisation) has a colloquial stylistic effect. Adjectives and determiners agree with such forms. A special layered feature Animacy[gram] is used to record such uses. See ref. for examples.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 2 different values: Anim, Inan.
This is a layered feature with the following layers: Animacy, Animacy[gram].
4025 tokens (31%) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
2776 types (52%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Animacy.
1935 lemmas (50%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Animacy.
The feature is used with 7 part-of-speech tags: uk-pos/NOUN (2960; 23% instances), uk-pos/PRON (470; 4% instances), uk-pos/PROPN (356; 3% instances), uk-pos/ADJ (151; 1% instances), uk-pos/DET (81; 1% instances), uk-pos/NUM (6; 0% instances), uk-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
NOUN
2960 uk-pos/NOUN tokens (100% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Animacy co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (2047; 69%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Anim(516; 17% of non-emptyAnimacy): тварин, тато, дзядзьо, діти, людей, негр, офіцер, тета, тварина, твариниInan(2444; 83% of non-emptyAnimacy): час, життя, рік, років, школи, вулиці, армії, вода, воду, каваEMPTY(7): Begonia, Carica, Carum, Equus, Formica, Macrovipera, п
| Paradigm музика | Anim | Inan |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Acc | музику | |
| Case=Dat | музиці | |
| Case=Gen | музики | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Plur | музик | |
| Case=Ins | музикою |
Animacy seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 100% lemmas (1591) occur only with one value of Animacy.
PRON
470 uk-pos/PRON tokens (65% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Animacy co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (316; 67%), PronType=Prs (294; 63%), Case=Nom (272; 58%), Person=1 (254; 54%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Anim(332; 71% of non-emptyAnimacy): ми, я, нас, мені, мене, ви, вам, нам, хто, васInan(138; 29% of non-emptyAnimacy): це, щось, що, те, все, чого, тим, того, то, нічогоEMPTY(257): він, його, вона, вони, їх, собі, йому, її, ними, них
| Paradigm весь | Anim | Inan |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Acc | всіх | всіх |
| Case=Dat | Всім | |
| Case=Gen | всіх | |
| Case=Nom | всі | всі |
Animacy seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 96% lemmas (27) occur only with one value of Animacy.
PROPN
356 uk-pos/PROPN tokens (98% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Animacy co-occurred: Gender=Masc (225; 63%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Anim(225; 63% of non-emptyAnimacy): Пуня, Щербачов, Валентин, Василівна, Джон, Марія, Міра, Михась, Мікі, АППInan(131; 37% of non-emptyAnimacy): України, Франківську, Львова, Делятина, Львові, б, Закарпаття, Україну, Євро, Івано-ФранківськEMPTY(7): І, Б, В, З, М, Мик, О
Animacy seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 100% lemmas (178) occur only with one value of Animacy.
ADJ
151 uk-pos/ADJ tokens (14% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Animacy co-occurred: Case=Acc (151; 100%), Aspect=EMPTY (136; 90%), VerbForm=EMPTY (136; 90%), Voice=EMPTY (136; 90%), Degree=EMPTY (106; 70%), Gender=EMPTY (80; 53%), Number=Plur (80; 53%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Anim(19; 13% of non-emptyAnimacy): малих, Мар’яниного, витесаного, делятинського, елеґантних, ерудованих, ласкавого, маленьких, нестаранних, першихInan(132; 87% of non-emptyAnimacy): цілий, перші, Новий, дитячі, другий, музичний, різні, тривалі, Газетний, ДвадцятикілометровіEMPTY(964): різних, цілу, домашніх, ціле, великих, великої, дитячої, експериментальних, зелена, малими
| Paradigm цілий | Anim | Inan |
|---|---|---|
| Gender=Masc | цілий | |
| Number=Plur | цілих |
Animacy seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 96% lemmas (126) occur only with one value of Animacy.
DET
81 uk-pos/DET tokens (16% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Animacy co-occurred: Case=Acc (81; 100%), Person=EMPTY (68; 84%), Poss=EMPTY (57; 70%), Number=EMPTY (43; 53%), Gender=Masc (43; 53%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Anim(22; 27% of non-emptyAnimacy): якого, мого, наших, своїх, таких, яких, Вашого, Моїх, Одного, кожнихInan(59; 73% of non-emptyAnimacy): той, всі, свій, якісь, свої, які, весь, наш, самий, такийEMPTY(441): кілька, його, які, її, всі, який, усіх, всіх, одного, свою
| Paradigm який | Anim | Inan |
|---|---|---|
| Gender=Masc|PronType=Rel | якого | який |
| Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | яких | які |
| Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | яких | які |
NUM
6 uk-pos/NUM tokens (5% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Animacy co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (6; 100%), NumType=Card (6; 100%), Gender=Masc (6; 100%), Case=Acc (6; 100%).
NUM tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Inan(6; 100% of non-emptyAnimacy): одинEMPTY(113): три, два, двох, дві, п’яти, двадцять, 2, 3, 4, 5
AUX
1 uk-pos/AUX tokens (1% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Animacy.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Animacy co-occurred: Aspect=EMPTY (1; 100%), VerbForm=EMPTY (1; 100%), Person=EMPTY (1; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (1; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (1; 100%), Number=Plur (1; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (1; 100%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Animacy:
Inan(1; 100% of non-emptyAnimacy): ціEMPTY(172): було, був, була, були, є, б, буде, бути, би, будемо
Relations with Agreement in Animacy
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Animacy:
NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (454; 75%),
NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (201; 96%),
NOUN –[appos]–> PROPN (49; 86%),
NOUN –[appos]–> NOUN (48; 81%),
PROPN –[flat:name]–> PROPN (44; 92%),
NOUN –[nmod]–> PROPN (34; 62%),
NOUN –[nsubj]–> NOUN (24; 96%),
NOUN –[nsubj]–> PRON (21; 72%),
NOUN –[obl]–> NOUN (15; 94%),
PRON –[nmod]–> NOUN (11; 85%).
Animacy in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]