parataxis: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination.
Let 's face it we 're annoyed
parataxis(Let, annoyed)
When multiple parataxes are present in a single sentence, they get a flat structure, not a hierarchical one, even if they form a temporal sequence.
ROOT I 'm not kidding , I once lost a hamster in my house , three months later I walk down in the basement and it was as big as a rat .
root(ROOT, kidding)
parataxis(lost, kidding)
parataxis(walk, kidding)
All else being equal, the leftmost phrase should be the head, but in rare situations the parataxis can go ``backwards’’:
The guy , John said , left early in the morning
parataxis(left, said)
See also: language-general documentation of parataxis
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
1667 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
1597 instances of parataxis (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 11.2237552489502.
The following 59 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (598; 36% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (206; 12% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (131; 8% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (117; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (114; 7% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (96; 6% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADJ (40; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (40; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/VERB (39; 2% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (36; 2% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (29; 2% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/VERB (27; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (21; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (16; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (13; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (12; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (12; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (10; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (9; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (8; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/X (7; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), en-pos/X-en-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/DET-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/SYM-en-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/SYM-en-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/X (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 7 parataxis color:blue
1 Read read VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
3 entire entire ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _
4 article article NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 ; ; PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _
6 there there PRON EX _ 7 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 's be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _
8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 punchline punchline NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _
11 too too ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 8 parataxis color:blue
1 Moral moral NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _
6 Do do AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
7 n't not PART RB _ 8 advmod _ _
8 drink drink VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _
9 Coke Coke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 .......... .......... PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 drink drink VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _
12 Pepsi Pepsi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 ! ! PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 parataxis color:blue
1 Irony irony NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ... ... PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 6 advmod _ _
6 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _
7 Irony irony NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ! ! PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)
This relation is universal.
472 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
467 instances of parataxis (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 11.9025423728814.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (192; 41% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (59; 13% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (50; 11% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (46; 10% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (36; 8% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADJ (14; 3% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (13; 3% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (13; 3% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (7; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (5; 1% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/VERB (4; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADJ (3; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (3; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 21 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 21 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 21 parataxis color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
7 _ _ ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
8 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
9 _ _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
10 _ _ PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _
11 _ _ CONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 8 conj _ _
13 _ _ ADP IN _ 16 case _ _
14 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 16 nmod:poss _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 12 nmod _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _
18 _ _ PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
19 _ _ AUX VBP _ 21 aux _ _
20 _ _ PRON PRP _ 21 nsubj _ _
21 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 parataxis _ _
22 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 nsubj _ _
23 _ _ VERB VBP _ 21 ccomp _ _
24 _ _ PRON PRP _ 23 iobj _ _
25 _ _ ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _
26 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 dobj _ _
27 _ _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 4 parataxis color:blue
1 _ _ NOUN NN _ 0 root _ _
2 _ _ PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _
3 _ _ DET DT _ 4 nsubj _ _
4 _ _ VERB VBD _ 1 parataxis _ _
5 _ _ ADV WRB _ 8 mark _ _
6 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 8 nsubj _ _
7 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 6 name _ _
8 _ _ VERB VBD _ 4 advcl _ _
9 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _
10 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 11 nsubj _ _
11 _ _ VERB VB _ 8 ccomp _ _
12 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _
13 _ _ VERB VB _ 11 xcomp _ _
14 _ _ ADP IN _ 15 case _ _
15 _ _ NOUN NN _ 13 nmod _ _
16 _ _ PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 9 parataxis color:blue
1 _ _ PRON PRP _ 3 nsubj _ _
2 _ _ VERB VBD _ 3 cop _ _
3 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 0 root _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 9 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ DET DT _ 5 det _ _
7 _ _ AUX VBD _ 9 aux _ _
8 _ _ PART RB _ 9 neg _ _
9 _ _ VERB VB _ 3 parataxis _ _
10 _ _ PRON WP _ 12 dobj _ _
11 _ _ PART TO _ 12 mark _ _
12 _ _ VERB VB _ 9 xcomp _ _
13 _ _ PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
84 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
84 instances of parataxis (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.80952380952381.
The following 20 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (41; 49% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (10; 12% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (6; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/INTJ (6; 7% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/INTJ (3; 4% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (2; 2% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (2; 2% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (2; 2% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/INTJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/INTJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/VERB (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/INTJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/VERB (1; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 7 parataxis color:blue
1 It _ PRON PERS-SG _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 passes _ VERB PRES _ 0 root _ _
3 the _ DET DEF _ 4 det _ _
4 time _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 2 punct _ _
6 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 guess _ VERB PRES _ 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . _ PUNCT Period _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 7 parataxis color:blue
1 They _ PRON PERS-PL-NOM _ 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 're _ AUX PRES _ 4 cop _ _
3 all _ PRON TOT-PL _ 4 nmod _ _
4 heroes _ NOUN PL-NOM _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 2 punct _ _
6 you _ PRON PERS-P2 _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 know _ VERB PRES _ 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 2 punct _ _
9 heroes _ NOUN PL-NOM _ 4 dislocated _ _
10 of _ ADP _ _ 12 case _ _
11 the _ DET DEF _ 12 det _ _
12 struggle _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . _ PUNCT Period _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 parataxis color:blue
1 How _ ADV WH _ 5 advmod _ _
2 do _ VERB PRES _ 5 aux _ _
3 you _ PRON PERS-P2 _ 5 nsubj _ _
4 English _ ADJ POS _ 3 amod _ _
5 say _ VERB INF _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , _ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
7 eh _ INTJ _ _ 5 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ? _ PUNCT QuestionMark _ 5 punct _ _
9 Good-by _ INTJ _ _ 5 appos _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . _ PUNCT Period _ 5 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
28 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
18 instances of parataxis (64%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.21428571428571.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (18; 64% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (3; 11% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (2; 7% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (1; 4% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (1; 4% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/DET (1; 4% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (1; 4% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (1; 4% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 6 parataxis color:blue
1 They they PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 say say VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 " " PUNCT FB _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 You you PRON PE Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
6 know know VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _
7 what what PRON PR Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 9 obj _ _
8 you you PRON PE Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _
9 smell smell VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
10 ? ? PUNCT FF _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 " " PUNCT FB _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 10 parataxis color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 Realism Realism PROPN SP _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 is be AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
4 nothing nothing NOUN S Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 if if SCONJ CS _ 7 mark _ _
6 not not PART PART Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
7 urban urban ADJ A Degree=Pos 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 " " PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
10 notes note VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _
11 critic critic NOUN S Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _
12 Peter Peter PROPN SP _ 11 nmod _ _
13 Brooks Brooks PROPN SP _ 12 flat:name _ SpaceAfter=No
14 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 18 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 18 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 18 parataxis color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 He he PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
3 argues argue VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 ( ( PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 in in ADP E _ 7 case _ _
6 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 speech speech NOUN S Number=Sing 3 obl _ _
8 revealingly revealingly ADV B _ 9 advmod _ _
9 entitled entitle VERB V Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl _ _
10 " " PUNCT FB _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 The the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 Contribution contribution NOUN S Number=Sing 9 xcomp _ _
13 of of ADP E _ 16 case _ _
14 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _
15 Financial financial ADJ A Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _
16 Sector sector NOUN S Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
17 : : PUNCT FC _ 12 punct _ _
18 Miracle Miracle PROPN SP _ 12 parataxis _ _
19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _
20 Mirage Mirage PROPN SP _ 18 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
21 ? ? PUNCT FF _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
22 " " PUNCT FB _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
23 ) ) PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ _
24 that that SCONJ CS _ 36 mark _ _
25 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _
26 financial financial ADJ A Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _
27 sector sector NOUN S Number=Sing 30 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
28 's 's PART PART _ 27 case _ _
29 reported report VERB V Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 30 acl _ _
30 contribution contribution NOUN S Number=Sing 36 nsubj:pass _ _
31 to to ADP E _ 32 case _ _
32 GDP GDP PROPN SP _ 30 nmod _ _
33 has have AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _
34 been be AUX VA Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 36 aux:pass _ _
35 significantly significantly ADV B _ 36 advmod _ _
36 overrated overrate VERB V Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
37 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
parataxis in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]