parataxis: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination. More information can be found on the universal dependency page (u-dep/parataxis)
Les enfants jouent tout le temps, jouer est leur travail \n Children play all the time , play is their work
parataxis(jouent, travail)
Les enfants ont le droit d'avoir du temps libre ( voir ci-dessous ) \n Children have a right to free time ( see below )
parataxis(ont, voir)
C'est l' idée : les enfants sont le futur \n That is the thought : children are the future
parataxis(idée, futur)
FrenchSpoken does not use the simple parataxis relation. There are instead six different subrelations: parataxis:discourse, parataxis:dislocated, parataxis:insert, parataxis:obj, parataxis:parenth and parataxis:conj.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
573 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
524 instances of parataxis (91%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 13.9458987783595.
The following 24 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (315; 55% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (93; 16% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (48; 8% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (38; 7% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (21; 4% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (13; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (9; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (6; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (5; 1% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (4; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PROPN (4; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 9 4 parataxis color:blue
1 La le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 question question NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
3 suivante suivant ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
4 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _
5 : : PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
6 Peut pouvoir AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
7 -on on PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 nsubj _ _
8 y y ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ _
9 prendre prendre VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
10 épouse épouse NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ _
11 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
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# visual-style 10 2 parataxis color:blue
1 Comme comme ADV _ _ 2 mark _ _
2 dirait dire VERB _ Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _
3 quelqu'un quelqu'un PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ _
5 je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
6 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
7 suis être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _
8 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
9 une un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 girouette girouette NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
11 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 11 parataxis color:blue
1 En en ADP _ _ 7 advmod _ _
2 outre outre ADV _ _ 1 fixed _ _
3 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 salles salle NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _
5 sont être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _
6 très très ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ _
7 belles beau ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
8 ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 11 nsubj _ _
9 qui qui PRON _ _ 8 fixed _ _
10 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _
11 gâte gâter VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _
12 rien rien PRON _ Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
4 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
3 instances of parataxis (75%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 4.75.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (2; 50% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (1; 25% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (1; 25% instances).
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# visual-style 14 22 parataxis color:blue
1 Et et CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _
2 je je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _
3 me me PRON P Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 expl _ _
4 souviens souvenir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 que que SCONJ CS _ 8 mark _ _
6 j' je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 étais être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _
8 assis assoir VERB V Gender=Masc|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 ccomp _ _
9 à à ADP E _ 11 case _ _
10 mon mon DET AP Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _
11 bureau bureau NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ _
12 et et CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _
13 je je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _
14 pensais penser VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 , , PUNCT FF _ 14 punct _ _
16 " " PUNCT FB _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
17 et et CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _
18 bien bien ADV B _ 22 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No
19 , , PUNCT FF _ 22 punct _ _
20 je je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _
21 le le PRON P Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _
22 sais savoir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
23 " " PUNCT FB _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
24 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 11 parataxis color:blue
1 Certains certain DET DI Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 5 nsubj _ _
2 étaient être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _
3 de de ADP E _ 5 case _ _
4 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 viande viande NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 de de ADP E _ 7 case _ _
7 baleine baleine NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
8 illégale illégal ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 5 punct _ _
10 soit être AUX VA Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _
11 dit dire VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 parataxis _ _
12 en en ADP E _ 13 mark _ _
13 passant passer VERB V VerbForm=Ger 11 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 2 5 parataxis color:blue
1 Tout tout DET T Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 2 det _ _
2 ceci ceci PRON PD Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 0 root _ _
3 PUNCT FB _ 5 punct _ _
4 j' je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 insiste insister VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _
6 PUNCT FB _ 5 punct _ _
7 avec avec ADP E _ 9 case _ _
8 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 participation participation NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
10 de de ADP E _ 12 case _ _
11 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ SpaceAfter=No
12 entreprise entreprise NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _
13 privée privé ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 amod _ _
14 qui qui PRON PR PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 , , PUNCT FF _ 14 punct _ _
16 en en ADP E _ 17 mark _ _
17 unissant unir VERB V VerbForm=Ger 42 advcl _ _
18 ses son DET AP Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _
19 efforts effort NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ _
20 à à ADP E _ 21 case _ _
21 ceux celui PRON PD Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem 17 obl _ _
22 de de ADP E _ 24 case _ _
23 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 24 det _ _
24 administrations administration NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _
25 publiques public ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 24 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
26 , , PUNCT FF _ 29 punct _ _
27 en en ADP E _ 29 mark _ _
28 les le PRON P Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _
29 complétant completer VERB V VerbForm=Ger 17 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
30 , , PUNCT FF _ 35 punct _ _
31 sans sans ADP E _ 32 case _ _
32 qu' que SCONJ CS _ 35 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
33 il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 expl _ _
34 y y ADV B _ 35 advmod _ _
35 ait avoir VERB V Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _
36 aucune aucun DET DI Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 37 det _ _
37 obstruction obstruction NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _
38 ou ou CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _
39 exclusion exclusion NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 37 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
40 , , PUNCT FF _ 17 punct _ _
41 est être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _
42 celle celui PRON PD Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 12 acl:relcl _ _
43 qui qui PRON PR PronType=Rel 44 nsubj _ _
44 créera créer VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 42 acl:relcl _ _
45 des un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 46 det _ _
46 richesses richesse NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 44 obj _ _
47 sociales social ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 46 amod _ _
48 et et CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _
49 des un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 50 det _ _
50 postes poste NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 46 conj _ _
51 de de ADP E _ 52 case _ _
52 travail travail NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 50 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
53 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
111 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
101 instances of parataxis (91%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 15.5315315315315.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (78; 70% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (11; 10% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (10; 9% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (5; 5% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (3; 3% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/VERB (2; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances).
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# visual-style 1 9 parataxis color:blue
1 Imposé imposer VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
2 à à ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
3 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 peuple peuple NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ _
5 irakien irakien ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
7 devrais devoir AUX _ Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
8 -je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 9 nsubj _ _
9 dire dire VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 1 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 8 parataxis color:blue
1 " " PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 La le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 bataille bataille NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
4 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _
5 dure dur ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 " " PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
8 reconnaît reconnaître VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
9 -elle il PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 19 parataxis color:blue
1 Les le DET _ Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 camps camp NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _
3 de de ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
4 filtration filtration NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 sont être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _
6 des un DET _ Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 camps camp NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
8 de de ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
9 torture torture NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 , , PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ _
11 de de ADP _ _ 12 case _ _
12 viols viol NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 , , PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ _
14 de de ADP _ _ 15 case _ _
15 violations violation NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 conj _ _
16 : : PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
17 nous il PRON _ Number=Plur|Person=1 19 nsubj _ _
18 le le PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 obj _ _
19 savons savoir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _
20 aujourd' aujourd' ADP _ _ 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
21 hui hui NOUN _ _ 20 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No
22 . . PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
parataxis in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]