parataxis: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination.
Kitabı okudum , uyudum . \n I read the book , slept.
parataxis(uyudum, okudum)
Kitabı okudun , değil mi ? \n You read the book , aren't you ?
parataxis(okudun, değil)
Sabah , babam diyor ki , erken kalkacakmışız . \n In the morning, my father says, we have to get up early
parataxis(kalkacakmışız, diyor)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This relation is universal.
8 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
7 instances of parataxis (88%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/VERB (5; 63% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/NOUN (1; 13% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/NOUN (1; 13% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/VERB (1; 13% instances).
# visual-style 19 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 15 19 parataxis color:blue
1 O o PRON Pers Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _
2 da da CCONJ Conj _ 1 advmod:emph _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT Punc _ 15 punct _ _
4 sizin siz PRON Pers Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ _
5 onu o PRON Pers Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _
6 sevdiğiniz sev VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 acl _ _
7 kadar kadar ADP PCNom _ 6 case _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT Punc _ 6 punct _ _
9 sizi siz PRON Pers Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _
10 seviyorsa sev VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 , , PUNCT Punc _ 10 punct _ _
12 yarısını yarı ADJ NAdj Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 13 obj _ _
13 kesip kes VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv 15 nmod _ _
14 size siz PRON Pers Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ _
15 verir ver VERB Verb Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor 0 root _ _
16 ( ( PUNCT Punc _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
17 Karım karı NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=1 19 nsubj _ _
18 böyle böyle ADV Adverb _ 19 advmod _ _
19 yapar yap VERB Verb Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor 15 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
20 ) ) PUNCT Punc _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
21 . . PUNCT Punc _ 19 punct _ _
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# visual-style 31 36 parataxis color:blue
1 İnsanları insan NOUN Noun Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 obj _ _
2 ikiye iki NUM NNum Case=Dat|Number=Sing|NumType=Card|Person=3 3 nummod _ _
3 ayırıyor ayır VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres 0 root _ _
4 annem anne NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=1 3 nsubj _ _
5 ( ( PUNCT Punc _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
6 sayacağı say VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part 10 nsubj _ _
7 iki iki NUM ANum NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _
8 kalem kalem NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 obl _ _
9 de de CCONJ Conj _ 8 advmod:emph _ _
10 olsa ol VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres 15 nmod _ _
11 mutlaka mutlaka ADV Adverb _ 14 advmod _ _
12 parmaklarını parmak NOUN Noun Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=2 14 obj _ _
13 avucuna avuç NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 14 obl _ _
14 kapatarak kapa VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Cau 15 nmod _ _
15 sayacak say VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 ; ; PUNCT Punc _ 15 punct _ _
17 birincisi birinci NUM NNum Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|NumType=Ord|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 18 amod _ _
18 yaşayan yaşa VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 nmod _ _
19 lar _ ADP Zero Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 case _ _
20 ( ( PUNCT Punc _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
21 bunlar bu PRON Demons Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem 24 nsubj _ _
22 başkalarını başka ADJ NAdj Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Plur|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 24 obj _ _
23 da da CCONJ Conj _ 22 advmod:emph _ _
24 yaşatıyor yaşa VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres|Voice=Cau 18 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
25 ) ) PUNCT Punc _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
26 , , PUNCT Punc _ 24 punct _ _
27 ikincisi ikinci NUM NNum Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|NumType=Ord|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 30 amod _ _
28 yaşayan yaşa VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 obj _ _
29 ları _ ADP Zero Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 28 case _ _
30 seyreden seyret VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 nsubj _ _
31 ler _ ADP Zero Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3 30 case _ _
32 ( ( PUNCT Punc _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
33 bunlar bu PRON Demons Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem 36 nsubj _ _
34 da da CCONJ Conj _ 33 advmod:emph _ _
35 başkalarının başka ADJ NAdj Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 36 nmod:poss _ _
36 sırtına sırt NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 31 parataxis _ _
37 yük yük NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 36 compound _ _
38 oluyorlar ol VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres 36 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
39 ) ) PUNCT Punc _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
40 . . PUNCT Punc _ 30 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 15 parataxis color:blue
1 Eğer eğer CCONJ Conj _ 6 nmod _ _
2 sözünü söz NOUN Noun Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 4 nmod _ _
3 ettiğiniz et VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 compound:lvc _ _
4 şey şey NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 nsubj _ _
5 virtual virtual ADJ Adj _ 6 amod _ _
6 parçacıklar parçacık NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3 22 obl _ _
7 sa i AUX Zero Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres 6 cop _ _
8 ( ( PUNCT Punc _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 aşağıda aşağı ADJ NAdj Case=Loc|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 amod _ _
10 ki ki ADP Rel _ 9 case _ _
11 satırlarda satır NOUN Noun Case=Loc|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 obl _ _
12 Verschuur'dan Verschuur PROPN Prop Case=Abl|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 obl _ _
13 yapılan yap VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl _ _
14 alıntıya alıntı NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 obl _ _
15 bakınız bak VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
16 ) ) PUNCT Punc _ 15 punct _ _
17 durum durum NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 nsubj _ _
18 hala hala ADV Adverb _ 21 advmod _ _
19 inandırıcı inandırıcı ADJ Adj _ 20 amod _ _
20 olmaktan ol VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun 21 nmod _ _
21 uzak uzak ADJ Adj _ 22 obj _ _
22 demek de VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun 0 root _ _
23 tir i AUX Zero Aspect=Perf|Mood=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres 22 cop _ _
24 . . PUNCT Punc _ 22 punct _ _
parataxis in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]