parataxis: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between a word (often the main predicate of a sentence) and other elements, such as a sentential parenthetical or a clause after a “:” or a “;”, placed side by side without any explicit coordination, subordination, or argument relation with the head word. In Italian it is used with direct dialogs, introduced by declarative verbs, or lists.
" Ma no , non è così - replica Ante - .
cop(così, è)
parataxis(così, replica)
Romana elettricità , azioni 1400 ; Terni , azioni 300 ; Montecatini , azioni 2000 ;
parataxis(Romana, Terni)
parataxis(Romana, Montecatini)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
397 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
306 instances of parataxis (77%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 10.5541561712846.
The following 23 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (206; 52% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (57; 14% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (38; 10% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (20; 5% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (17; 4% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (12; 3% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/VERB (9; 2% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (6; 2% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (5; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/VERB (4; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADJ (3; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PROPN (3; 1% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/NOUN (3; 1% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (2; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (2; 1% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 12 6 parataxis color:blue
1 Dusty Dusty PROPN SP _ 12 nsubj _ _
2 e e CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
3 io io PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT FF _ 6 punct _ _
5 ci ci PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 iobj _ _
6 piace piacere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _
7 dir dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
8 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 12 punct _ _
10 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 domenica domenica NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
12 andiamo andare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
13 in in ADP E _ 14 case _ _
14 chiesa chiesa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
15 qui qui ADV B _ 12 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
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# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 10 5 parataxis color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 La il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 religione religione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _
4 - - PUNCT FB _ 5 punct _ _
5 sento sentire VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _
6 dire dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 5 ccomp _ _
7 - - PUNCT FB _ 5 punct _ _
8 è essere AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _
9 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 fatto fatto NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
11 privato privato ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 " " PUNCT FB _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT FS _ 10 punct _ _
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# visual-style 2 7 parataxis color:blue
1 È essere AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _
2 vero vero ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 tutti tutto PRON PI Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 7 nsubj:pass _ _
5 possiamo potere AUX VM Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
6 essere essere AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 7 aux:pass _ _
7 sostituiti sostituire VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
16 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
9 instances of parataxis (56%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.5625.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (13; 81% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (1; 6% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/VERB (1; 6% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/VERB (1; 6% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 12 6 parataxis color:blue
1 Dusty Dusty PROPN SP _ 12 nsubj _ _
2 e e CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
3 io io PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
5 ci ci PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 iobj _ _
6 piace piacere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _
7 dir dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
8 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 6 punct _ _
10 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 domenica domenica NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
12 andiamo andare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
13 in in ADP E _ 14 case _ _
14 chiesa chiesa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
15 qui qui ADV B _ 12 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 8 parataxis color:blue
1 William William PROPN SP _ 17 nsubj _ _
2 Shakespeare Shakespeare PROPN SP _ 1 flat:name _ _
3 ( ( PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
4 26 26 NUM N NumType=Card 1 appos _ _
5 aprile aprile NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 flat _ _
6 1564 1564 NUM N NumType=Card 4 flat _ _
7 ( ( PUNCT FB _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
8 battezzato battezzare VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
9 ) ) PUNCT FB _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
10 - - PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 23 23 NUM N NumType=Card 4 nmod _ _
12 aprile aprile NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 flat _ _
13 1616 1616 NUM N NumType=Card 11 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
14 ) ) PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ _
15 era essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _
16 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 17 det _ _
17 poeta poeta NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
18 , , PUNCT FF _ 19 punct _ _
19 drammaturgo drammaturgo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ _
20 e e CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _
21 attore attore NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ _
22 inglese inglese ADJ A Number=Sing 21 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
23 , , PUNCT FF _ 21 punct _ _
24 generalmente generalmente ADV B _ 25 advmod _ _
25 considerato considerare VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 acl _ _
26 come come ADP E _ 30 case _ _
27 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 30 det _ _
28 più più ADV B _ 29 advmod _ _
29 importante importante ADJ A Number=Sing 30 amod _ _
30 scrittore scrittore NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ _
31 in in ADP E _ 32 case _ _
32 lingua lingua NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _
33 inglese inglese ADJ A Number=Sing 32 amod _ _
34 e e CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _
35 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 38 det _ _
36 più più ADV B _ 37 advmod _ _
37 eminente eminente ADJ A Number=Sing 38 amod _ _
38 drammaturgo drammaturgo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 conj _ _
39 di di ADP E _ 41 case _ _
40 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 41 det _ _
41 mondo mondo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
42 . . PUNCT FS _ 17 punct _ _
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# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 12 25 parataxis color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 La il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 nobiltà nobiltà NOUN S Gender=Fem 12 nsubj _ _
4 e e CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _
5 autorità autorità NOUN S Gender=Fem 3 conj _ _
6 di di ADP E _ 8 case _ _
7 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 talento talento NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 3 punct _ _
10 sono essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _
11 più più ADV B _ 12 advmod _ _
12 importanti importante ADJ A Number=Plur 0 root _ _
13 di di ADP E _ 15 case _ _
14 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 15 det _ _
15 nobiltà nobiltà NOUN S Gender=Fem 12 obl _ _
16 di di ADP E _ 17 case _ _
17 nome nome NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _
18 e e CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _
19 di di ADP E _ 21 case _ _
20 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 21 det _ _
21 potere potere NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ _
22 terreno terreno ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
23 " " PUNCT FB _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
24 , , PUNCT FF _ 12 punct _ _
25 scrisse scrivere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _
26 in in ADP E _ 28 case _ _
27 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 28 det _ _
28 1830 1830 NUM N NumType=Card 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
29 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
parataxis in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]