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PronType: pronominal type

In English, this feature applies to pronouns, determiners and pronominal adverbs.

Prs: personal or possessive personal pronoun or determiner

See also the Poss feature that distinguishes normal personal pronouns from possessives. Note that Prs also includes reflexive personal/possessive pronouns.

The following pronouns have this feature:

• I, you, he, she, it, we, they, my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs, me, him, us, them, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, youselves, theirselves

Art: article

Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness.

In English, the following three determiners have this feature:

• a, an, the

Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner or adverb

Note that the possessive interrogative determiner (whose) can be distinguished by the Poss feature.

In English, all words with the PTB tag WDT, WP, WP$ or WRB have this feature unless they mark the beginning of a relative clause.

Examples:

• Which one should I get?
• Who was elected president?
• Whose car is this?
• How old is he?

Rel: relative pronoun or determiner

All pronouns and determiners that mark the beginning of a relative clause have this feature.

Examples:

• The book that I read
• The book which she bought
• The book whose author was arrested

Dem: demonstrative determiner or adverb

The following determiners and adverbs have this feature:

• this, that, those, these, here, there

Note that that only has this feature when it is being used as a demonstrative determiner. If it is used to mark the beginning of a clausal complement or a relative clause it does not have this feature.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 5 different values: Art, Dem, Int, Prs, Rel.

37504 tokens (16%) have a non-empty value of PronType. 129 types (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. 54 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/PRON (19624; 9% instances), en-pos/DET (16210; 7% instances), en-pos/ADV (1670; 1% instances).

PRON

19624 en-pos/PRON tokens (94% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and PronType co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (16287; 83%), Gender=EMPTY (15194; 77%), Number=Sing (10792; 55%), Case=Nom (10614; 54%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (1; 0% of non-empty PronType): The
• Dem (908; 5% of non-empty PronType): this, that, those, these
• Int (626; 3% of non-empty PronType): what, which, who, whom, whatever, whose, who’s, ever, waht, whoever
• Prs (16906; 86% of non-empty PronType): i, you, it, they, my, we, he, your, me, their
• Rel (1183; 6% of non-empty PronType): that, who, which, whom, what, whose
• EMPTY (1171): there, anyone, something, anything, nothing, someone, everything, everyone, one, mine

Paradigm that	Rel	Dem
_	that	that
Number=Sing		that

DET

16210 en-pos/DET tokens (89% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and PronType co-occurred: Definite=Def (10043; 62%).

DET tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (14824; 91% of non-empty PronType): the, a, an
• Dem (1278; 8% of non-empty PronType): this, that, these, those
• Int (107; 1% of non-empty PronType): what, which, whatever
• Rel (1; 0% of non-empty PronType): whhich
• EMPTY (1970): all, some, any, no, another, every, each, both, such, quite

PronType seems to be lexical feature of DET. 100% lemmas (10) occur only with one value of PronType.

ADV

1670 en-pos/ADV tokens (14% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

ADV tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Dem (693; 41% of non-empty PronType): then, there, here, that
• Int (876; 52% of non-empty PronType): when, how, where, why, whenever, ever, wherever, however, were, y
• Rel (101; 6% of non-empty PronType): where, that, when, why, how, were, wherein
• EMPTY (10144): so, just, very, also, now, even, only, as, back, well

Paradigm when	Int	Rel
	when	when

Relations with Agreement in PronType

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PronType: PRON –[conj]–> PRON (27; 73%), DET –[det]–> DET (11; 85%), ADV –[conj]–> ADV (5; 56%), PRON –[nmod:npmod]–> PRON (3; 100%), ADV –[conj]–> PRON (2; 100%), PRON –[nmod:poss]–> PRON (2; 100%), PRON –[parataxis]–> PRON (1; 100%), PRON –[obl]–> PRON (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 8 different values: Art, Dem, Ind, Int, Neg, Prs, Rel, Tot.

5528 tokens (15%) have a non-empty value of PronType. 120 types (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. 68 lemmas (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/DET (4015; 11% instances), en-pos/PRON (1498; 4% instances), en-pos/ADV (15; 0% instances).

DET

4015 en-pos/DET tokens (100% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and PronType co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (3501; 87%), Number=EMPTY (2837; 71%), Definite=Def (2213; 55%).

DET tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (2991; 74% of non-empty PronType): the, a, an, another, Le, L, la, les, une, ’s
• Dem (298; 7% of non-empty PronType): this, these, such, that, those
• Ind (169; 4% of non-empty PronType): any, no, some, each, both, every, whatever, Many, certain, more
• Int (4; 0% of non-empty PronType): what, which
• Prs (514; 13% of non-empty PronType): his, their, its, our, your, my, her, ma
• Rel (1; 0% of non-empty PronType): which
• Tot (38; 1% of non-empty PronType): all

Paradigm which	Int	Rel
	which	which

PronType seems to be lexical feature of DET. 97% lemmas (37) occur only with one value of PronType.

PRON

1498 en-pos/PRON tokens (100% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and PronType co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (1303; 87%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Dem (116; 8% of non-empty PronType): this, that, those, these
• Ind (100; 7% of non-empty PronType): all, some, others, each, nothing, Many, other, one, Much, both
• Int (13; 1% of non-empty PronType): what, who
• Prs (935; 62% of non-empty PronType): it, he, I, we, they, you, them, him, everyone, one
• Rel (334; 22% of non-empty PronType): which, that, who, what, where, whom, whose, when, whereby

Paradigm that	Rel	Dem
_	that	that
Number=Sing		that
Number=Sing|Person=3		that
Number=Plur		those
Number=Plur|Person=3		those
Person=3		that

ADV

15 en-pos/ADV tokens (1% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

ADV tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Neg (15; 100% of non-empty PronType): non, no, none
• EMPTY (1501): more, also, there, now, only, well, so, how, as, even

Relations with Agreement in PronType

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PronType: PRON –[conj]–> PRON (1; 100%).

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PronType in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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