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PronType: pronominal type

Art : articles

Pronominal articles in Irish include the definite articles an or na. These articles can combine with prepositions to create new forms, e.g., an + de = den (“from the”), an + faoi = faoin (“under the”), na + i = sna (“in the”).

Examples

• an tuairim “the opinion”
• na seirbhíse “the services”
• san áit “in the place”
• faoin suíochán “under the seat”

Dem : demonstrative

Irish demonstrative pronouns indicate nearness to the speaker, whether this is a difference of time or space. There are three main degrees of closeness: near to the speaker (seo, “this/these”), of some distance to the speaker (sin, “that/those”), and of greater distance to the speaker (siúd, úd, “that/those over there”).

Examples

• Caithfidh mé sin a fhoghlaim “I have to learn that”
• an ceo seo “this fog”
• Ina measc siúd “in the midst of that”

Ind : indefinite

Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to unspecified quantities or persons.

Examples

• beidh cibé méid ann “there will be however many there”
• ní raibh aon duine acu ag goil “nobody (lit. not one person of them) was crying”
• ar gach uile Chaitliceach “at every single Catholic”

Int : interrogative

The interrogative pronouns can be used to specify or question a specific noun. The pronouns used for inanimate things include cén, cad, céard, cathain, conas and cá, while cé can be used for persons, places or things. These interrogative pronouns can be combined with other nouns to form common question phrases, such as cén fáth (“what reason”), and cé mhéad (“how many”)

Examples

• cén tréimhse a bhí i gceist “which period was in question”
• cad é sin? “what is that?”
• cé atá ag comóradh “who is assembling”

Prs : person

Rel : relative

The relative pronoun in Irish is a (or ná), and is used to introduce a relative clause or adverbial clause. It can combine with other words, such as the possible combinations with the present form of the verb bí “to be”, as in atá or atáimse, with the copula is, as in ab, or with the preposition le “with”, as in lena.

Examples

• le grúpa a bhí ag iarraidh “with a group that was trying”
• a dúirt sí “she said”
• File ab ea Dónall Ó Muláin “(lit. it was a poet that Dónall Ó Muláin was)”
• seanáiteanna atá luaite sa leabhar “old places that are mentioned in the book”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

This feature is universal but the values Emp are language-specific. It occurs with 7 different values: Art, Dem, Emp, Ind, Int, Prs, Rel.

1960 tokens (14%) have a non-empty value of PronType. 84 types (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. 43 lemmas (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. The feature is used with 8 part-of-speech tags: ga-pos/DET (1117; 8% instances), ga-pos/PART (358; 3% instances), ga-pos/ADP (270; 2% instances), ga-pos/PRON (120; 1% instances), ga-pos/VERB (46; 0% instances), ga-pos/AUX (30; 0% instances), ga-pos/X (17; 0% instances), ga-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances).

DET

1117 ga-pos/DET tokens (88% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and PronType co-occurred: Case=EMPTY (980; 88%), Gender=EMPTY (979; 88%), Definite=Def (881; 79%), Number=Sing (761; 68%).

DET tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (881; 79% of non-empty PronType): an, na, ‘n, a, a’
• Dem (177; 16% of non-empty PronType): seo, sin, eile, s’, úd, siúd
• Ind (57; 5% of non-empty PronType): aon, cibé, uile, haon
• Int (2; 0% of non-empty PronType): cén
• EMPTY (159): a, gach, mo, do, m’, ngach, chuile, uilig, sin, ár

PronType seems to be lexical feature of DET. 100% lemmas (12) occur only with one value of PronType.

PART

358 ga-pos/PART tokens (41% of all PART tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which PART and PronType co-occurred: PartType=Vb (344; 96%), Polarity=EMPTY (336; 94%).

PART tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Rel (358; 100% of non-empty PronType): a, nach, ina, ar, inar, lena, n-a, nár, lenar, o
• EMPTY (508): a, go, ní, d’, gur, nach, Ó, is, do, ná

ADP

270 ga-pos/ADP tokens (12% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADP and PronType co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (247; 91%), Number=Sing (246; 91%), Person=EMPTY (235; 87%).

ADP tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (235; 87% of non-empty PronType): sa, den, ón, san, don, faoin, sna, fén, ins
• Emp (8; 3% of non-empty PronType): againne, agamsa, airsean, domsa, leosan, tríothusan, uainne
• Prs (27; 10% of non-empty PronType): á, dhá
• EMPTY (1970): ar, i, ag, le, de, leis, ina, mar, ann, go

Paradigm do	Prs	Art	Emp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes	á
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes	á
Number=Sing		don
Number=Sing|Person=1			domsa
Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes	á, dhá

PRON

120 ga-pos/PRON tokens (24% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and PronType co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (118; 98%), Person=EMPTY (109; 91%), Number=EMPTY (102; 85%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Dem (91; 76% of non-empty PronType): sin, seo, siúd, shin, san, iúd, súd
• Emp (11; 9% of non-empty PronType): mise, siadsan, sinne, Eisean, iadsan, seisean, tusa
• Ind (5; 4% of non-empty PronType): pé, ceachtar, cheachtar
• Int (13; 11% of non-empty PronType): cad, cén, cé
• EMPTY (376): sé, é, sí, siad, iad, féin, mé, í, muid, tú

PronType seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (16) occur only with one value of PronType.

VERB

46 ga-pos/VERB tokens (4% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and PronType co-occurred: Mood=Ind (46; 100%), Voice=EMPTY (46; 100%), Form=EMPTY (45; 98%), Tense=Pres (44; 96%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Rel (46; 100% of non-empty PronType): atá, eireos, leanas, atáimse, shíleas
• EMPTY (1053): bhí, tá, raibh, bhfuil, beidh, bheidh, thug, mbeidh, bíonn, tháinig

AUX

30 ga-pos/AUX tokens (13% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and PronType co-occurred: VerbForm=Cop (30; 100%), Form=EMPTY (27; 90%), Polarity=EMPTY (21; 70%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Art (1; 3% of non-empty PronType): Cén
• Dem (4; 13% of non-empty PronType): Seo, Sin
• Rel (25; 83% of non-empty PronType): ba, is, nach, ab, nár, nárbh
• EMPTY (194): is, ba, ní, gur, b’, ar, níor, gurb, nach, an

X

17 ga-pos/X tokens (11% of all X tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which X and PronType co-occurred: Dialect=Munster (17; 100%), Abbr=EMPTY (17; 100%).

X tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Dem (17; 100% of non-empty PronType): san, so
• EMPTY (134): (1), (2), (c), (4), (a), (b), Uimh., FÁS, (17), (3)

ADV

2 ga-pos/ADV tokens (1% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

ADV tokens may have the following values of PronType:

• Int (2; 100% of non-empty PronType): conas
• EMPTY (283): amach, chomh, anois, thart, ansin, arís, isteach, anseo, síos, áfach

Relations with Agreement in PronType

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PronType: ADV –[conj]–> PRON (1; 100%).

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PronType in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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