Voice: voice
There is no passive form in Irish. However, the Irish autonomous voice is similar to the passive construction, in that the agent of the verb is not (necessarily) specified. In this construction, the object remains in accusative case, as opposed to the nominative case used in the passive voice in English. The subject in this construction remains anonymous, as a dummy subject.
Auto : autonomous voice
The autonomous voice is formed with a different verb ending: -t(e)ar in the present tense, -(e)adh in the past tense, -f(e)ar, in the future tense, and -f(a)í in the conditional.
Examples
| Verb | Present | Past | Future | Conditional |
| Cuir "To put" | cuirtear | cuireadh | chuirfear | chuirfí |
| Cas "To turn" | castar | casadh | casfar | chasfaí |
| Déan "To make/do" | déantar | rinneadh | déanfar | dhéanfaí |
Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)
This feature is universal but the values Auto are language-specific.
It occurs with 1 different values: Auto.
144 tokens (1%) have a non-empty value of Voice.
111 types (3%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Voice.
75 lemmas (3%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Voice.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: ga-pos/VERB (143; 1% instances), ga-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
VERB
143 ga-pos/VERB tokens (13% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Voice.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Voice co-occurred: Mood=Ind (129; 90%), Form=EMPTY (91; 64%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Voice:
Auto(143; 100% of non-emptyVoice): rinneadh, deonadh, faightear, shonraítear, tugadh, casadh, déanfar, thugtar, cuireadh, dhéantarEMPTY(956): bhí, tá, raibh, bhfuil, atá, beidh, bheidh, thug, mbeidh, bíonn
Voice seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (74) occur only with one value of Voice.
X
1 ga-pos/X tokens (1% of all X tokens) have a non-empty value of Voice.
The most frequent other feature values with which X and Voice co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (1; 100%), Abbr=EMPTY (1; 100%), Dialect=Munster (1; 100%).
X tokens may have the following values of Voice:
Auto(1; 100% of non-emptyVoice): deineadhEMPTY(150): san, (1), (2), so, (c), (4), (a), (b), Uimh., FÁS
Relations with Agreement in Voice
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Voice:
X –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[csubj:cleft]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Voice in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]