Voice: voice
Description
For most Uralic languages, voice means mainly the active-passive distinction. Voice is a main feature of verb. The Uralic impersonal are marked as passive voice and other forms as active. Infinite verb forms that are not clearly either should not have a voice feature.
Act: Active voice
The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent), the object is affected by the action (patient).
Active examples
- [fi] juoksen “I run”, kuuleva “hearing”
~̃~~ conllu
sentence-text: Kuinka paljon ihmiset oikeasti sitten olisivat valmiita maksamaan tästä huvista?
1 Kuinka kuinka ADV Adv _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 paljon paljon ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _ 3 ihmiset ihminen NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 7 nsubj:cop 8:nsubj _ 4 oikeasti oikeasti ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _ 5 sitten sitten ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _ 6 olisivat olla VERB V Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 7 cop _ _ 7 valmiita valmis ADJ A Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 maksamaan maksaa VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 xcomp _ _ 9 tästä tämä PRON Pron Case=Ela|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 det _ _ 10 huvista huvi NOUN N Case=Ela|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 7 punct _ _ ~̃~~
Pass: Passive voice
The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient). The doer (agent) is either unexpressed or it appears as an object of the verb.
Passive examples
- [fi] jossain juostaan “running is going on somewhere”, nähty “that has been seen”
~~~ conllu
sentence-text: Yahoo lupaa yhdestä ip:stä 5000 kyselyä / per päivä, mutta minut bannattiin sieltä aina 300 kyselyn jälkeen.
1 Yahoo Yahoo PROPN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 lupaa luvata VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _ 3 yhdestä yksi NUM Num Case=Ela|Number=Sing|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 ip:stä ip NOUN N Abbr=Yes|Case=Ela|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 5 5000 5000 NUM Num NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 kyselyä kysely NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 2 dobj _ _ 7 / / PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _ 8 per per ADP Adp AdpType=Post 9 case _ _ 9 päivä päivä NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ _ 11 mutta mutta CONJ C _ 2 cc _ _ 12 minut minä PRON Pron Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 dobj _ _ 13 bannattiin bannata VERB V Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 14 sieltä sieltä ADV Adv _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 aina aina ADV Adv _ 17 advmod _ _ 16 300 300 NUM Num NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 kyselyn kysely NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 18 jälkeen jälkeen ADP Adp AdpType=Post 17 case _ SpaceAfter=No 19 . . PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ _ ~̃~~
Voice in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]