Gender: gender
Irish has two gender forms: masculine and feminine.
Masc : masculine gender
In general, words ending in a broad consonant are masculine. Exceptions include words ending in slender -óir, -eoir, and -ín, which are masculine.
Examples
- madra “dog”
- múinteoir “teacher”
Fem : feminine gender
In general, words ending in a slender consonant are feminine. Exceptions include words ending in a broad -óg, or -eog, which are feminine.
Examples
- Éire “Ireland”
- néaróga “nerves”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 2 different values: Fem, Masc.
4554 tokens (33%) have a non-empty value of Gender.
2651 types (69%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender.
1885 lemmas (69%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender.
The feature is used with 9 part-of-speech tags: ga-pos/NOUN (3173; 23% instances), ga-pos/PROPN (448; 3% instances), ga-pos/ADP (264; 2% instances), ga-pos/PRON (252; 2% instances), ga-pos/ADJ (210; 2% instances), ga-pos/DET (202; 1% instances), ga-pos/X (3; 0% instances), ga-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), ga-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
NOUN
3173 ga-pos/NOUN tokens (85% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Gender co-occurred: VerbForm=EMPTY (3173; 100%), Number=Sing (2676; 84%), Definite=EMPTY (2572; 81%), Case=NomAcc (2533; 80%), Form=EMPTY (2458; 77%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(1177; 37% of non-emptyGender): leith, chuid, áit, bhliain, uair, bliain, aghaidh, cuid, hoíche, scoilMasc(1996; 63% of non-emptyGender): rud, duine, daoine, lá, alt, ceann, fear, lucht, saol, amEMPTY(557): bheith, chur, dhéanamh, fáil, níos, dul, thabhairt, bith, féidir, rá
| Paradigm ceann | Masc | Fem |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Dat|Form=Len|Number=Sing | chionn | |
| Case=Dat|Number=Sing | cionn, gcionn | |
| Case=Gen|Form=Len|Number=Sing | chinn | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing | cinn | |
| Case=NomAcc|Definite=Def|Number=Sing | ceann | |
| Case=NomAcc|Form=Len|Number=Sing | cheann | |
| Case=NomAcc|Number=Sing | ceann | |
| Case=NomAcc|Number=Plur | cinn |
Gender seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 99% lemmas (1406) occur only with one value of Gender.
PROPN
448 ga-pos/PROPN tokens (95% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (414; 92%), Case=NomAcc (341; 76%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(113; 25% of non-emptyGender): Gaeilge, Fraince, Éirinn, Ghaeilge, Chaoin, Mháire, hÉireann, Éire, Anne-Marie, EilísMasc(335; 75% of non-emptyGender): Seán, Átha, mBaile, Bhaile, Eoin, Naomh, Pádraig, Baile, Bhlascaoid, BriainEMPTY(26): Cliath, Dara, Fáil, Garman, Bernard, Casey, Chainnigh, Chomair, Dunne, Dúin
| Paradigm Muire | Masc | Fem |
|---|---|---|
| Muire | Mhuire |
Gender seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 99% lemmas (332) occur only with one value of Gender.
ADP
264 ga-pos/ADP tokens (12% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADP and Gender co-occurred: Person=3 (264; 100%), Number=Sing (264; 100%), PronType=EMPTY (241; 91%).
ADP tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(38; 14% of non-emptyGender): uirthi, á, aici, di, ina, dá, inti, léi, léithe, aiceMasc(226; 86% of non-emptyGender): ann, ina, air, leis, aige, á, dá, dó, lena, uaidhEMPTY(1976): ar, i, ag, le, de, sa, mar, den, leis, go
| Paradigm i | Masc | Fem |
|---|---|---|
| ann | inti | |
| Poss=Yes | ina | ina |
PRON
252 ga-pos/PRON tokens (51% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Gender co-occurred: Person=3 (252; 100%), Number=Sing (251; 100%), PronType=EMPTY (250; 99%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(50; 20% of non-emptyGender): sí, í, híMasc(202; 80% of non-emptyGender): sé, é, hé, Eisean, seiseanEMPTY(244): sin, siad, iad, féin, mé, seo, muid, siúd, tú, cén
ADJ
210 ga-pos/ADJ tokens (30% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Gender co-occurred: VerbForm=EMPTY (210; 100%), Degree=EMPTY (210; 100%), Number=Sing (198; 94%), Case=NomAcc (192; 91%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(69; 33% of non-emptyGender): mhór, mhaith, chéanna, inrátaithe, iomlán, luachmhar, lán, pholaitiúil, poiblí, uasalMasc(141; 67% of non-emptyGender): mór, beag, chéanna, fada, ard, deireanach, áirithe, éigin, Meánach, leathanEMPTY(483): mó, amháin, maith, déanta, léir, áirithe, fada, mór, beaga, bunaithe
| Paradigm mór | Masc | Fem |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Gen | mhóir | |
| Case=NomAcc | mór, mhór, ró-mhór | mhór |
DET
202 ga-pos/DET tokens (16% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (202; 100%), Definite=Def (138; 68%), PronType=Art (138; 68%), Case=Gen (137; 68%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(148; 73% of non-emptyGender): na, aMasc(54; 27% of non-emptyGender): aEMPTY(1074): an, na, seo, sin, aon, eile, a, gach, mo, cibé
| Paradigm a | Masc | Fem |
|---|---|---|
| a | a |
X
3 ga-pos/X tokens (2% of all X tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which X and Gender co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (3; 100%), Abbr=EMPTY (3; 100%), Dialect=Ulster (2; 67%).
X tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Fem(1; 33% of non-emptyGender): openMasc(2; 67% of non-emptyGender): fáEMPTY(148): san, (1), (2), so, (c), (4), (a), (b), Uimh., FÁS
VERB
1 ga-pos/VERB tokens (0% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Gender co-occurred: Tense=Pres (1; 100%), Form=EMPTY (1; 100%), Voice=EMPTY (1; 100%), Mood=Ind (1; 100%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Masc(1; 100% of non-emptyGender): Tá’sEMPTY(1098): bhí, tá, raibh, bhfuil, atá, beidh, bheidh, thug, mbeidh, bíonn
AUX
1 ga-pos/AUX tokens (0% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Gender co-occurred: VerbForm=Cop (1; 100%), Polarity=EMPTY (1; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (1; 100%), Form=EMPTY (1; 100%), PronType=EMPTY (1; 100%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Gender:
Masc(1; 100% of non-emptyGender): SéEMPTY(223): is, ba, ní, gur, nach, b’, ar, níor, gurb, an
Relations with Agreement in Gender
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Gender:
NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (191; 55%),
NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (111; 59%),
PROPN –[compound]–> PROPN (40; 91%),
PROPN –[flat:name]–> PROPN (30; 75%),
NOUN –[appos]–> NOUN (14; 61%),
PROPN –[compound]–> NOUN (10; 59%),
NOUN –[appos]–> PROPN (9; 82%),
PROPN –[appos]–> NOUN (8; 89%),
PROPN –[conj]–> NOUN (7; 70%),
PROPN –[nmod]–> PROPN (7; 78%).
Gender in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]