PronType: pronominal type
Description
This feature typically applies to pronouns, determiners, pronominal numerals
(quantifiers) and pronominal adverbs. This feature is used for pro-words that
are not under PRON part of speech, e.g. pro-adjectives and pro-adverbs.
Prs: Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are pretty standard, most Uralic languages will have at least singulars and plurals in first, second and third person. Some will also include duals as well as inclusive and exclusive first persons.
Personal examples
- [fi] minä “I”, sinä “you”, hän “he, she”
# sentence-text: Se sai ainakin minut uskomaan uuteen tapaan tehdä elokuvia.
1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ _
2 sai saada VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root
_ _
3 ainakin ainakin ADV Adv _ 4 advmod _ _
4 minut minä PRON Pron Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _
5 uskomaan uskoa VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 2 xcomp:ds _ _
6 uuteen uusi ADJ A Case=Ill|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 tapaan tapa NOUN N Case=Ill|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
8 tehdä tehdä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 acl _ _
9 elokuvia elo#kuva NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ _
Rcp: Reciprocal pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns refer to number of things each, most typically two people at each other.
Reciprocal examples
- [fi] toinen […] toisiaan “each other”
# sentence-text: Rakkaus ilmentyy siinä, miten kohtelemme toinen toisiamme.
1 Rakkaus rakkaus NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _
2 ilmentyy ilmentyä VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Ac
t 0 root _ _
3 siinä se PRON Pron Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
5 miten miten ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
6 kohtelemme kohdella VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Ac
t 3 ccomp _ _
7 toinen toinen PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Rcp 6 dobj _ _
8 toisiamme toinen PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|PronType=Rcp
7 mwe _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ _
### `Int`: Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used questions. As a lexical feature, it is used for
pronouns that are intrinsically questions, rather than all which have question
enclitic particle, however, in practice many cases of pronouns with
cliticsa are seen as lexicalised interrogatives.
#### Interrogative examples
* [fi] _kuka_ "who", _mitä_ "what"
~~~ conllu
# sentence-text: Mitä minä puhun?
1 Mitä mikä PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Int 3 dobj _ _
2 minä minä PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
3 puhun puhua VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root
_ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
Rel: Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns are used with relative clauses.
Relative examples
- [fi] joka “which”, mikä “that”
# sentence-text: Näin lehdessä ilmoituksen, jolla etsittiin tutkimushenkilöitä Alzheimer-projektiin jollekin Turun yli
opiston laitokselle.
1 Näin nähdä VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root
_ _
2 lehdessä lehti NOUN N Case=Ine|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
3 ilmoituksen ilmoitus NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 1 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
5 jolla joka PRON Pron Case=Ade|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 6 nmod _ _
6 etsittiin etsiä VERB V Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 3 acl:relcl
_ _
7 tutkimushenkilöitä tutkimus#henkilö NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 6 dobj _
_
8 Alzheimer-projektiin Alzheimer#projekti NOUN N Case=Ill|Number=Sing 7 nmod _
_
9 jollekin jokin PRON Pron Case=All|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 det _ _
10 Turun Turku PROPN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 11 nmod:poss _ _
11 yliopiston yli#opisto NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss 10:name _
12 laitokselle laitos NOUN N Case=All|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT Punct _ 1 punct _ _
Dem: Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are: this, that and it, and their plurals.
Demonstrative examples
- [fi] tämä “this”, tuo “that”, se “it”
# sentence-text: Toivottavasti tuo tuosta tokenisi itsestään.
1 Toivottavasti toivottavasti ADV Adv _ 4 advmod _ _
2 tuo tuo PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj _ _
3 tuosta tuosta ADV Adv _ 4 advmod _ _
4 tokenisi toeta VERB V Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root
_ _
5 itsestään itsestään ADV Adv _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
Ind: Indefinite pronouns
Pronouns that refer to indefinite quantities or qualities of nouns, in some grammars overlaps with e.g. quantifier pronouns (which do not exist in Universal features).
Indefinite examples
- [fi] jokin “something”, kaikki “all”
# sentence-text: Huumoria oli tarpeeksi, eräs tärkeä teema oli tiede ja elokuvaseura oli mahtavaa.
1 Huumoria huumori NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 3 nsubj:cop _ _
2 oli olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop
_ _
3 tarpeeksi tarpeeksi ADV Adv _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
5 eräs eräs PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 7 det _ _
6 tärkeä tärkeä ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 teema teema NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 9 nsubj:cop _ _
8 oli olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop
_ _
9 tiede tiede NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 conj _ _
10 ja ja CONJ C _ 3 cc _ _
11 elokuvaseura elo#kuva#seura NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 13 nsubj:cop _ _
12 oli olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 13 cop
_ _
13 mahtavaa mahtava ADJ A Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
Art: Article pronouns
For words that are articles. Mainly used in Uralic dependencies for Hungarian, or loans from other related languages.
Article examples
None in Finnish.
Neg: Negative pronouns
Negative pronouns are lexically negative by themselves. They are not used in Universal dependencies for pronouns that go with negation, e.g. not with [fi] ei koskaan, ei mikään etc.
Negative examples
None in Finnish.
Tot: Total / collective pronouns
Total pronouns are used for some collectives.
Total examples
None in Finnish
PronType in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]