VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
We use VerbForm with non-finite verbs that function as heads of adjectival and adverbial clauses.
The verb forms that function as noun phrases (verbal nouns) are not marked with the VerbForm feature.
These verb forms are considered two separate syntactic tokens.
See overview/tokenization
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form which functions as adjectivals. The participles are introduced using a number of subordinating suffixes.
If the head of the relative clause is omitted (so-called “headless relative clauses”), we treat the word like a verbal noun.
Examples
- okuyacağım kitap “the book that I will read”
- Ali’nin okuduğu kitap “the book that I has read”
- okuyour olduğun kitap “the book that you are reading”
Trans: transgressive
The transgressive, also called adverbial participle,
is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
In Turkish linguistics, these words are normally called converbs.
However, since the UD definition Trans covers the use of converbs,
we use the same label.
- yürürken gördüm “I saw it while I was walking”
- okuyarak daha iyi öğreniyor “She/he learns better by reading”
- raporu yazılı olarak istiyorlar “They want the report in written form”
- okuyunca anlayacaksın “You will understand when you read it”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This feature is universal but the values Conv, Vnoun are language-specific.
It occurs with 3 different values: Conv, Part, Vnoun.
3907 tokens (8%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
2454 types (16%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
572 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/VERB (3889; 8% instances), tr-pos/AUX (18; 0% instances).
VERB
3889 tr-pos/VERB tokens (43% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Polite=EMPTY (3889; 100%), Number=EMPTY (3816; 98%), Person=EMPTY (3816; 98%), Mood=Ind (3762; 97%), Aspect=Perf (3758; 97%), Polarity=Pos (3599; 93%), Voice=EMPTY (3101; 80%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (2512; 65%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (2512; 65%), Tense=Pres (2495; 64%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(622; 16% of non-emptyVerbForm): gidip, olup, dönüp, diyerek, edip, kalkıp, koşarak, gelip, kesip, deyipPart(2118; 54% of non-emptyVerbForm): olan, olduğunu, olduğu, gelen, eden, yapan, yapılan, olmadığını, alan, ettiğiVnoun(1149; 30% of non-emptyVerbForm): demek, olması, olmak, savunma, yapmak, görmek, kurtulmak, almak, anlatmaya, düzenlemeEMPTY(5224): dedi, dedim, değil, oldu, söyledi, olur, var, etti, geldi, baktı
AUX
18 tr-pos/AUX tokens (2% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Aspect=Perf (18; 100%), Mood=Ind (18; 100%), Person=EMPTY (17; 94%), Tense=Pres (17; 94%), Number=EMPTY (17; 94%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(18; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): ken, yken, irerken, ymişçesineEMPTY(791): dır, mı, dir, mi, ydi, dı, ydı, tu, mu, dur
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (135; 68%),
VERB –[case]–> VERB (1; 100%).
VerbForm in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]