case: case marking
The case relation is used for any case-marking element which is treated as a separate syntactic word (including prepositions, postpositions, and clitic case markers). Case-marking elements are treated as dependents of the noun or clause they attach to.
In Turkish, case marking is typically done through suffixation,
in which case the case-marked word will carry the appropriate Case feature.
The case relation marks postpositions,
and some of the case-like suffixes that are tokenized as separate syntactic tokens (inflectional groups).
Ağaçların arasında kayboldular . \n They disappeared _between_ the trees
case(Ağaçların, arasında)
Bu kitabı annem için aldım . \n I bought this book _for_ my mother
case(annem, için)
Öğleden sonra dersim var . \n I have a class _after_ noon (=in the afternoon)
case(Öğleden, sonra)
İkiye kadar bunu bitirmem gerek \n I need to finish this until\/by two
case(İkiye, kadar)
Siyah saç –lı kız \n The girl _with_ black hair
case(saç, –lı)
Currently, we also use case for some not-so-case-like modifiers.
Arabada –ki kız \n The girl in the car
case(Arabada, –ki)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This relation is universal.
1835 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as case.
1786 instances of case (97%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.45776566757493.
The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/ADP (903; 49% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/ADP (431; 23% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/ADP (242; 13% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/ADP (106; 6% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/ADP (57; 3% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/ADP (39; 2% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/ADP (21; 1% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/ADP (18; 1% instances), tr-pos/CCONJ-tr-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/INTJ-tr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Orada ora NOUN Noun Case=Loc|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 obl _ _
2 ki ki ADP Rel _ 1 case _ _
3 tartışma tartış VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun 5 nsubj _ _
4 hayli hayli ADV Adverb _ 5 advmod _ _
5 zengin zengin ADJ Adj _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT Punc _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Herkes herkes NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 nsubj _ _
2 istediği iste VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 advmod:emph _ _
3 gibi gibi ADP PCNom _ 2 case _ _
4 sevişiyor seviş VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Punc _ 8 punct _ _
6 her her DET Det _ 8 nsubj _ _
7 şey şey NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 compound _ _
8 serbest serbest ADJ Adj _ 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punc _ 8 punct _ _
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1 Öyle öyle ADJ Adj _ 3 amod _ _
2 ce ce ADP Ly _ 1 case _ _
3 yiyin ye VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 . . PUNCT Punc _ 3 punct _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]