case: case marking
In Italian, the case relation is used for any preposition introducing a noun, pronoun, adjective or adverb. Prepositions are treated as dependents of the element they attach to (or introduce) in an “extended nominal projection”.
Avevano da poco lasciato la cima
case(poco, da)
Camminata da spia
case(spia, da)
Sono d' accordo su il principio
case(principio, su)
det(principio, il)
nmod(Sono, accordo)
nmod(accordo, principio)
il ministro di l' Interno
case(Interno, di)
det(Interno, l')
nmod(ministro, Interno)
The case relation can also be used for multiword expression introducing a complement.
Prima di tutto
case(tutto, Prima)
mwe(Prima, di)
If the head of the relation is a verb in a subordinate clause, than the correct relation is mark. If the verb is used as a noun infinitive, than case is the correct relation.
La consegna consiste in il fare ronde notturne .
case(fare, in)
det(fare, il)
Si finisce con l' esaltare il genio maschile .
case(esaltare, con)
det(esaltare, l')
nmod(finisce, esaltare)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
39632 nodes (14%) are attached to their parents as case.
39603 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.75454178441663.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADP (30667; 77% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADP (5271; 13% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADP (1523; 4% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/ADP (891; 2% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADV (288; 1% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADP (276; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADP (250; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADP (114; 0% instances), it-pos/SYM-it-pos/ADP (54; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADV (48; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (33; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/ADP (33; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADV (32; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/ADP (26; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/ADV (26; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/ADP (26; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PART (24; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADV (18; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/ADV (9; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/DET (4; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/DET-it-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PUNCT-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 4 3 case color:blue
1 Corriere Corriere PROPN SP _ 0 root _ _
2 Sport Sport PROPN SP _ 1 flat:name _ _
3 da da ADP E _ 4 case _ _
4 pagina pagina NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
5 23 23 NUM N NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _
6 a a ADP E _ 7 case _ _
7 pagina pagina NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
8 26 26 NUM N NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 4 case color:blue
1 Alcune alcuno DET DI Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 2 det _ _
2 chiamate chiamata NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _
3 partirono partire VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 da da ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 Quirinale Quirinale PROPN SP _ 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 11 10 case color:blue
1 Tutti tutto DET T Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot 3 det:predet _ _
2 gli il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 esseri essere NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ ExtraSubj=Yes
4 umani umano ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 amod _ _
5 sanno sapere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
6 di di ADP E _ 9 mark _ _
7 poter potere AUX VM VerbForm=Inf 9 aux _ _
8 essere essere AUX V VerbForm=Inf 9 cop _ _
9 più più ADV B _ 5 xcomp _ _
10 di di ADP E _ 11 case _ _
11 ciò ciò PRON PD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 obl _ _
12 che che PRON PR PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _
13 sono essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
6216 nodes (15%) are attached to their parents as case.
6216 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.80389317889318.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADP (5029; 81% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADP (615; 10% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADP (265; 4% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/ADP (140; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADP (38; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADP (26; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADP (25; 0% instances), it-pos/SYM-it-pos/ADP (24; 0% instances), it-pos/X-it-pos/ADP (22; 0% instances), it-pos/SCONJ-it-pos/ADP (9; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP-it-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7 4 case color:blue
1 Attribuzione attribuzione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
3 Condividi condividere VERB V Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 flat _ _
4 a a ADP E _ 7 case _ _
5 lo il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
6 stesso stesso ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 modo modo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 4 case color:blue
1 creazione creazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 e e CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
3 riproduzione riproduzione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ _
4 di di ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 un' uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ SpaceAfter=No
6 Opera Opera PROPN SP _ 3 nmod _ _
7 derivata derivata NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 3 case color:blue
1 Trova trovare VERB V Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 persone persona NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 obj _ _
3 di di ADP E _ 4 case _ _
4 cui cui PRON PR PronType=Rel 5 obl _ _
5 ricevere ricevere VERB V VerbForm=Inf 2 acl:relcl _ _
6 gli il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 aggiornamenti aggiornamento NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]