case: case marking
Czech uses a combination of oblique morphological cases and prepositions to express semantic case.
Unlike in the original annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank, prepositions in UD are treated as dependents
of the noun they attach to. The relation between the noun and the preposition is labeled case.
V pátek.Acc jsme si cestou.Ins do Francie.Gen povídali o té události.Loc . \n On Friday we-have ourselves during-the-journey to France talked about the event .
case(pátek.Acc, V)
case(Friday, On)
case(Francie.Gen, do)
case(France, to)
case(události.Loc, o)
case(event, about)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
128707 nodes (10%) are attached to their parents as case.
128656 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.5382224743021.
The following 38 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADP (100035; 78% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/ADP (14368; 11% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADP (5462; 4% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/ADP (3929; 3% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADP (1841; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADP (1668; 1% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (509; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (398; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADP (140; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/ADV (119; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADP (75; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NOUN (32; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/VERB (19; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADP (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADV (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/NOUN (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/ADV (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/SYM (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/SYM (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/INTJ-cs-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).
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1 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
2 Rady rada NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ LId=rada-1|LGloss=(př._dát_někomu_dobrou_radu)
3 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 4 case _ LId=na-1
4 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 2 nmod _ _
5 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Světové světový ADJ AAFP1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 2 amod _ _
2 firmy firma NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ _
3 na na ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 4 case _ LId=na-1
4 Mallorce Mallorka PROPN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 2 nmod _ _
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1 Může moci VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ LGloss=(mít_možnost_[něco_dělat])
2 po po ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 3 case _ LId=po-1
3 mně já PRON PP-S6--1------- Case=Loc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 iobj _ _
4 takové takový DET PDIP4---------- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 det _ _
5 údaje údaj NOUN NNIP4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 7 obj _ _
6 pojišťovna pojišťovna NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 nsubj _ _
7 vyžadovat vyžadovat VERB Vf--------A---- Aspect=Imp|Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ? ? PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
47201 nodes (10%) are attached to their parents as case.
47172 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.56293298870787.
The following 47 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADP (38986; 83% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/ADP (2227; 5% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADP (2161; 5% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/ADP (1418; 3% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADP (605; 1% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADP (565; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADP (539; 1% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (235; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (164; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PART (114; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/SYM (58; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADP (18; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADV (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/SYM (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/SYM (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/ADV (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/SCONJ (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/SYM (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PART (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/CCONJ-cs-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/CCONJ-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Vypracování vypracování NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ LDeriv=vypracovat
2 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 3 amod _ _
3 principů princip NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 1 nmod _ _
4 regulace regulace NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 nmod _ _
5 vodního vodní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 amod _ _
6 režimu režim NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 4 nmod _ _
7 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 8 case _ LId=v-1
8 půdě půda NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 V v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 2 case _ LId=v-1
2 Praze Praha PROPN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
4 Zbraslavi Zbraslav PROPN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
6 dne den NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 2 dep _ LGloss=(jednotka_času)
7 # &cdate; NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _
8 dubna duben NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 nmod _ _
9 # &cyear; NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Stav stav NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 9 nsubj _ _
2 a a CCONJ J^------------- _ 3 cc _ LId=a-1
3 využívání využívání NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 conj _ LDeriv=využít
4 půdního půdní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 amod _ _
5 fondu fond NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 nmod _ _
6 jsou být AUX VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
7 u u ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 8 case _ LId=u-1
8 nás já PRON PP-P2--1------- Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ _
9 neuspokojivé uspokojivý ADJ AAIP1----1N---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Neg 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
2781 nodes (10%) are attached to their parents as case.
2756 instances of case (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.7720244516361.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADP (2479; 89% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADP (132; 5% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/ADP (131; 5% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADP (16; 1% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Pohledávky pohledávka NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ _
2 za za ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 5 case _ LId=za-1
3 upsaný upsaný ADJ AAIS4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 amod _ _
4 základní základní ADJ AAIS4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 amod _ _
5 kapitál kapitál NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 nmod _ _
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1 Výrobou výroba NOUN NNFS7-----A---- Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 obj _ _
2 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 3 expl:pass _ _
3 rozumí rozumět VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 i i CCONJ J^------------- _ 6 advmod:emph _ LId=i-1
5 jiná jiný ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 amod _ _
6 činnost činnost NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 10 punct _ _
8 při při ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 9 case _ LId=při-1
9 které který PRON P4FS6---------- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Int,Rel 10 advmod _ _
10 nevznikají vznikat VERB VB-P---3P-NA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 acl _ _
11 hmotné hmotný ADJ AAIP4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 12 amod _ _
12 produkty produkt NOUN NNIP4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 10 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 3 punct _ _
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1 V v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 3 case _ LId=v-1
2 tomto tento DET PDZS6---------- Case=Loc|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
3 případě případ NOUN NNIS6-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 obl _ _
4 účetní účetní ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 amod _ LId=účetní-1
5 jednotka jednotka NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 nsubj _ _
6 postupuje postupovat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
7 podle podle ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 8 case _ LId=podle-2
8 § § X X@------------- _ 6 advmod _ _
9 54 54 X X@------------- _ 8 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]