case: case marking
The case relation for Mandarin Chinese is applied to various particles that mark non-clausal dependents, including the genitive 嘅 ge3 (1); prepositions (2, 3), including a handful of “coverbs” (4); and the valence marker 將 zoeng1 (5) (see obl:patient); the comparative 比 bei2 (6); and the passive 被 bei6 when followed by an agent (7) (used only in formal registers).
Note that 的 de has other grammaticalized functions that require the mark:rel relation instead.
Postpositions, also known as “localizers”, are labeled with case:loc instead.
# visual-style 1 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ 2SG
2 嘅 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 電話 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ phone
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 phone" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 我 _ PRON _ _ 5 nsubj _ 1SG
2 喺 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ at
3 公司 _ NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ company
4 已經 _ ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ already
5 做 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ do
6 完 _ VERB _ _ 5 compound:vv _ complete
7 嘞 _ PART _ _ 5 discourse:sp _ SP
1 "I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 already _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 completed _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 at _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 office." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 擺 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ put
2 喺 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ on/in
3 手 _ NOUN _ _ 1 obl _ hand
4 度 _ ADP _ _ 3 case:loc _ place
1 "put _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 on/in _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 hand" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 為咗 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ for-sake-of
2 我 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl _ 1SG
3 嚟 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ come
1 "come _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 for _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 my" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 sake" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 將 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ BA
2 佢哋 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl:patient _ 3PL
3 匿埋 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ hide
4 喺 _ ADP _ _ 5 case _ in
5 房 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ room
6 度 _ ADP _ _ 5 case:loc _ place
1 "Hide _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 them _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 in _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 room." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 我哋 _ PRON _ _ 5 nsubj _ 1PL
2 比 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ COMP
3 佢哋 _ PRON _ _ 5 obl _ 3PL
4 早 _ ADJ _ _ 5 advmod _ early
5 到 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ arrive
6 咗 _ PART _ _ 5 aux _ PERF
1 "We _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 arrived _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 earlier _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 than _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 they _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 did." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 4 3 case color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
1 受害者 _ NOUN _ _ 5 nsubj:pass _ victim
2 終於 _ ADV _ _ 5 case _ finally
3 被 _ ADP _ _ 4 case _ by
4 警察 _ NOUN _ _ 5 obl:agent _ police
5 拯救 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ rescue
1 "The _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 victims _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 were _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 finally _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 rescued _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 by _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 police." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]