case: case marking
Used for all prepositions, including the marker of accusative case ⲛ and all other prepositions, which are understood as ‘oblique’ cases. Nouns govern their prepositions as in all other Universal Dependency guidelines, and not the other way around.
ⲡ/DET ⲣⲏ/NOUN ϩⲛ/ADP ⲧ/DET ⲡⲉ/NOUN \n the sun in the sky
det(ⲣⲏ, ⲡ)
nmod(ⲣⲏ, ⲡⲉ)
det(ⲡⲉ, ⲧ)
case(ⲡⲉ, ϩⲛ)
The hermeneutic particle ⲛϭⲓ, roughly ‘namely’, is also considered a case marker, assigning nominative case (it is only compatible with subject appositions, never objects or obliques, cf. Grossman 2014); see dislocated for more guidelines on ⲛϭⲓ.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
1238 nodes (15%) are attached to their parents as case.
1233 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.49596122778675.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/ADP (689; 56% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/ADP (362; 29% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/ADP (49; 4% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/ADP (46; 4% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PART (29; 2% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/ADP (14; 1% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/ADV (12; 1% instances), cop-pos/NUM-cop-pos/ADP (11; 1% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/PART (8; 1% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/PART (5; 0% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/NUM-cop-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/ADV-cop-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 ϣⲛ ϣⲛ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
2 ϩⲧⲏ ϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 obj _ _
3 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 2 det _ _
4 ϭⲉ ϭⲉ PART PTC _ 1 advmod _ _
5 ϩⲁ ϩⲁ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
6 ⲡⲉⲕ ⲡⲉⲕ DET PPOS _ 7 det _ _
7 ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 1 obl _ _
8 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 det _ _
9 ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 vocative _ _
10 ⲉⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 11 mark _ _
11 ⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲉ VERB VBD _ 9 acl _ _
12 ⲡⲉϥ ⲡⲉϥ DET PPOS _ 13 det _ _
13 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ NOUN N _ 11 nsubj _ _
14 · · PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
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1 ⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ AUX ACONJ _ 3 aux _ _
2 ⲅ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERS _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 ⲥⲟⲧ ⲥⲱⲧ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
4 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 3 obj _ _
5 ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ADV ADV _ 8 case _ _
6 ϩⲛ ϩⲛ ADP PREP _ 5 fixed _ _
7 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 8 det _ _
8 ϭⲓϫ ϭⲓϫ NOUN N _ 3 obl _ _
9 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
10 ⲛ ⲡ DET ART _ 8 nmod _ _
11 ⲉⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 12 mark _ _
12 ⲑⲗⲓⲃⲉ ⲑⲗⲓⲃⲉ VERB V _ 10 acl _ _
13 ⲙⲙⲟ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 14 case _ _
14 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 12 obj _ _
15 · · PUNCT PUNCT _ 3 punct _ _
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1 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 2 det _ _
2 ⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲁⲣⲭⲏ NOUN N _ 0 root _ _
3 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 5 case _ _
4 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 5 det _ _
5 ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ NOUN N _ 2 nmod _ _
6 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
7 ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ PROPN NPROP _ 5 nmod _ _
8 ⲡⲉ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 det _ _
9 ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 7 appos _ _
10 [ [ PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
11 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 12 det _ _
12 ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 7 appos _ _
13 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 15 case _ _
14 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 15 det _ _
15 ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ NOUN N _ 12 nmod _ _
16 ] ] PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
17 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]