case: case marking
The dependency type case is used for the postposition in
postpositional phrases. The head of
a postpositional phrase is the nominal, not the postposition, so as to
analyse postpositional phrases similarly to nominal modifiers without a
postposition. (Such nominal modifiers are frequent in Kazakh, as cases
are often used for the same purpose as postpositions.) To the same end,
the type case is used in combination with the type nmod, which is
also used for nominal modifiers when no adposition is present (see
nmod).
Азамат ағашқа қарай жүгірді . \n Azamat tree-to towards ran .
nsubj(жүгірді-4, Азамат-1)
case(ағашқа-2, қарай-3)
punct(жүгірді-4, .-5)
nmod(жүгірді-4, ағашқа-2)
Note that case is not used with auxiliary nouns (sometimes called “postpositions”) in the form of N¹.gen N².poss.case, for those nmod should be used (following treatment in English of prepositional constructions like “in front of”).
Айгүл бақшаның ішінде ақырын басып жүр . \n Aygül garden-of inside-in quietly walking is .
nsubj(басып-5, Айгүл-1)
nmod:poss(ішінде-3, бақшаның-2)
nmod(басып-5, ішінде-3)
advmod(басып-5, ақырын-4)
aux(басып-5, жүр-6)
punct(басып-5, .-7)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)
This relation is universal.
13 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as case.
13 instances of case (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.
The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: kk-pos/NOUN-kk-pos/ADP (12; 92% instances), kk-pos/VERB-kk-pos/ADP (1; 8% instances).
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1 « « PUNCT lquot _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 бала бала NOUN n _ 8 advcl _ _
3 лы лы ADP post _ 2 case _ _
4 болсам бол AUX v Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Conv 2 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT cm _ 2 punct _ _
6 әдемі әдемі ADJ adj _ 7 amod _ _
7 өмірім өмір NOUN n Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 8 nsubj _ _
8 бұз бұз VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 13 ccomp _ _
9 ау ау PART mod_emo _ 8 discourse _ _
10 » » PUNCT rquot _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 , , PUNCT cm _ 8 punct _ _
12 – – PUNCT guio _ 8 punct _ _
13 деп де VERB v Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Conv 14 advcl _ _
14 ойлайтын ойла VERB v Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
15 еді е AUX cop Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _
16 Шолпан Шолпан PROPN np Case=Nom|Gender=Fem 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
17 ... ... PUNCT sent _ 14 punct _ _
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1 Қиюласып қиюла VERB v Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Coop 2 advcl _ _
2 қосылған қос VERB v Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ _
3 екі екі NUM num NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _
4 жанның жан NOUN n Case=Gen 5 nmod:poss _ _
5 арасына ара NOUN n Case=Dat|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 10 obl _ _
6 жат жат ADJ adj _ 9 amod _ _
7 бір бір DET det PronType=Ind 9 det _ _
8 үшінші үш NUM num NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _
9 жан жан NOUN n Case=Nom 10 nsubj _ _
10 түскен түс VERB v Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _
11 соң соң ADP post _ 10 case _ SpaceAfter=No
12 , , PUNCT cm _ 10 punct _ _
13 екеуінің екеу NUM num Case=Gen|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|NumType=Coll|Person[psor]=3 20 nmod:poss _ _
14 де да ADV postadv _ 13 advmod _ _
15 жалын жалын NOUN n _ 20 nmod _ _
16 лы лы ADP post _ 15 case _ _
17 , , PUNCT cm _ 18 punct _ _
18 екпін екпін NOUN n _ 15 conj _ _
19 ді лы ADP post _ 18 case _ _
20 махаббаты махаббат NOUN n Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 25 nsubj _ _
21 бүлінер бүлін VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
22 , , PUNCT cm _ 25 punct _ _
23 бәсеңдер бәсеңде VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
24 , , PUNCT cm _ 25 punct _ _
25 суынар суынар VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _
26 деп де VERB v Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Conv 27 advcl _ _
27 қорқушы қорық VERB v Mood=Pot|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
28 еді е AUX cop Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _
29 Шолпан Шолпан PROPN np Case=Nom|Gender=Fem 27 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
30 . . PUNCT sent _ 27 punct _ _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]