case: case marking
Russian uses a combination of oblique morphological cases and prepositions to express semantic case.
Prepositions in UD are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to. The relation between the noun and the preposition is labeled case.
В пятницу.Acc по дороге.Dat к деревне.Dat мы разговаривали o событии.Loc . \n On Friday during the-journey to the-village we talked about the-event .
case(пятницу.Acc, В)
case(Friday, On)
case(дороге.Dat, по)
case(the-journey, during)
case(деревне.Dat, к)
case(the-village, to)
case(событии.Loc, o)
case(the-event, about)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This relation is universal.
9054 nodes (10%) are attached to their parents as case.
9023 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.50198807157058.
The following 23 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (7264; 80% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADP (885; 10% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADP (485; 5% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (115; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (93; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADP (57; 1% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADP (41; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/ADP (27; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADP (25; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADP (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADP (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PRON (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Безгачиха БЕЗГАЧИХА PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 -- -- PUNCT -- _ 3 punct _ _
3 деревня ДЕРЕВНЯ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 в В ADP IN _ 6 case _ _
5 Бабушкинском БАБУШКИНСКИЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 amod _ _
6 районе РАЙОН NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
7 Вологодской ВОЛОГОДСКИЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 amod _ _
8 области ОБЛАСТЬ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
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1 Провёл ПРОВЕСТИ VERB VBC Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 полтора ПОЛТОРА NUM CD Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card 3 nummod:gov _ _
3 года ГОД NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ _
4 в В ADP IN _ 5 case _ _
5 Риме РИМ PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ _
6 и И CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _
7 других ДРУГОЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Number=Plur 9 amod _ _
8 европейских ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Number=Plur 9 amod _ _
9 городах ГОРОД NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
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1 С С ADP IN _ 2 case _ _
2 ним ОН PRON PRP Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 obl _ _
3 граничат ГРАНИЧИТЬ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 города ГОРОД NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _
5 Иидзука ИИДЗУКА PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 appos _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _
7 Кама КАМА PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This relation is universal.
90821 nodes (9%) are attached to their parents as case.
90654 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.49680140055714.
The following 29 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (70853; 78% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADP (9409; 10% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADP (6892; 8% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (1621; 2% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADP (759; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADP (491; 1% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/ADP (263; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (225; 0% instances), ru-pos/_-ru-pos/ADP (54; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADV (51; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (40; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADP (31; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADP (30; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/ADP (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADV (16; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/ADP (16; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADV (13; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/ADP (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/CCONJ-ru-pos/ADP (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/INTJ-ru-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
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1 Алгоритм алгоритм NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj 2:nsubj _
2 должен должен ADJ _ Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Variant=Short 0 root 0:root _
3 быть быть AUX _ Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 4 cop 4:cop _
4 применим применимый ADJ _ Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Variant=Short 2 nmod 2:nmod _
5 к к ADP _ _ 7 case 7:case _
6 разным разный ADJ _ Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod 7:amod _
7 наборам набор NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nmod 4:nmod _
8 исходных исходный ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 9 amod 9:amod _
9 данных данные NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Number=Plur 7 nmod 7:nmod SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 9 punct 9:punct _
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1 До до ADP _ _ 4 advmod 4:advmod _
2 сих сей DET _ Case=Gen|Number=Plur 1 fixed 1:fixed _
3 пор пора NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 fixed 2:fixed _
4 идут идти VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root 0:root _
5 споры спор NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj 4:nsubj _
6 о о ADP _ _ 7 case 7:case _
7 том то PRON _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 nmod 5:nmod SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT _ _ 7 punct 7:punct _
9 достигли достигать VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 7 acl 7:acl _
10 они они PRON _ Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 nsubj 9:nsubj _
11 вершины вершина NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl 9:obl _
12 или или CCONJ _ _ 9 orphan 13.1:cc _
13 нет нет PART _ _ 9 orphan 13.1:advmod SpaceAfter=No
13.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9:conj _
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1 " " PUNCT _ _ 2 punct 2:punct SpaceAfter=No
2 Алгоризм алгоризм NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj 4:nsubj _
3 был быть AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux:pass 4:aux _
4 придуман придумывать VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root 0:root _
5 в в ADP _ _ 6 case 6:case _
6 Греции греция PROPN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl 4:obl SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct 6:punct _
case in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]