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Number: number

Number is an inflectional feature of nouns and other parts of speech (adjectives, verbs) that mark agreement with nouns.

In Turkish, nouns (NOUN, PROP, PRON) and verbs may have the feature Number. Note that, the number agreement between a subject noun and the predicate is not straightforward. Plural nouns agree with predicates with both singular an plural marking, but singular nouns disagree with predicates with plural marking. When subject is present, the singular form of the verb is preferred. Otherwise, obligatory the person/number agreement marker indicates the Number feature of the subject (as well as Person).

In case plurality is indicated by a modifier, the noun does not get an explicit plural marker (see example 2 for Sing).

We mark Number=Plur only if there is an explicit morphological marker.

The Nuber feature should not be confused with Number[psor], which indicates the whether possessor of a noun is singular or plural.

Sing: singular number

A single person or thing. There is no morphological marker for singular for nouns and verbs in 3rd person singular form.

Examples

• bir elma ‘one/an apple’
• üc elma ‘three apples’ – note the missing plural marker. *üç elmalar is ungrammatical.
• okudum ‘(I) read-PAST’

Plur: plural number

More than one person or thing. On nouns plurality is indicated by suffix -lAr. Plurality on verbs is indicated by a set of person/number suffixes which vary depending on the previous suffixes.

Examples

• elmallar ‘apples’
• okuduk ‘(We) read-PAST’
• Öğrenciler kitap okuyacak(lar) ‘The students will read books’ – the plural marker on the verb is optional.
• Kitap okuyacaklar ‘(They) will read books’ – Plurality of the subject is inferred from the agreement marker on the verb

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Plur, Sing.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Number, Number[psor].

25080 tokens (52%) have a non-empty value of Number. 12774 types (85%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Number. 4511 lemmas (83%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Number. The feature is used with 8 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/NOUN (12986; 27% instances), tr-pos/VERB (5267; 11% instances), tr-pos/ADJ (2029; 4% instances), tr-pos/PRON (1792; 4% instances), tr-pos/PROPN (1778; 4% instances), tr-pos/AUX (792; 2% instances), tr-pos/NUM (268; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADP (168; 0% instances).

NOUN

12986 tr-pos/NOUN tokens (100% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (12986; 100%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (8848; 68%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (8848; 68%), Case=Nom (7031; 54%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (1899; 15% of non-empty Number): şeyler, gözleri, insanların, çocuklar, yıllar, duygularını, ellerini, elleri, parçacıklar, çocukları
• Sing (11087; 85% of non-empty Number): şey, zaman, gün, yıl, adam, bilim, gece, ev, bugün, kez
• EMPTY (2): ilişkileriyle, şeyler

Paradigm şey	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	şeyden
Case=Acc	şeyi	şeyleri
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=1	şeyimi
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=3	şeyini
Case=Dat	şeye
Case=Gen	şeyin	şeylerin
Case=Nom	şey	şeyler
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=1	şeyim, şeyimiz
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=3	şeyi

VERB

5267 tr-pos/VERB tokens (58% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Number co-occurred: Number[psor]=EMPTY (5267; 100%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (5267; 100%), Case=EMPTY (5267; 100%), VerbForm=EMPTY (5194; 99%), Voice=EMPTY (4616; 88%), Polarity=Pos (4548; 86%), Mood=Ind (4164; 79%), Polite=EMPTY (4131; 78%), Person=3 (3480; 66%), Aspect=Perf (3217; 61%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (835; 16% of non-empty Number): bakalım, bakın, girdik, gidelim, gidiyoruz, gittik, biliyorsunuz, geldiniz, yapacağız, aldık
• Sing (4432; 84% of non-empty Number): dedi, dedim, değil, oldu, söyledi, olur, var, etti, geldi, baktı
• EMPTY (3846): olan, olduğunu, olduğu, gelen, demek, eden, olması, yapan, yapılan, olmadığını

Paradigm ol	Sing	Plur
Aspect=Imp|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=AorPast	olurmuş
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olursan
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor	olmazsa
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olursa	olurlarsa
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor	olmam
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor		oluruz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=AorPast	olurdum
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olursun
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor	olmaz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olur	olurlar
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=AorPast	olurdu
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=AorPast	olamazdım
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olabilirim
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor	olamazsın
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor	olamaz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Aor	olabilir
Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past		olmuşlarsa
Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Gen|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olmuştur
Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Past	olmamış
Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olmuş	olmuşlar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut	olacaksa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olduysa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres	olmasam
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olsaydım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olsam
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres		olmasanız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres		olmasalar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olsaydı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olsa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=GenNec|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olmalıdır
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Gen|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut	olacaktır
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	ol	olun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres	olmasın
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olsun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut		olmayacağız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut		olacağız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	oldum	olduk
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pqp	olmuştum
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut	olacaksın	olacaksınız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	oldun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut	olmayacak
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Past	olmadı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pqp	olmamıştı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut	olacak	olacaklar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=FutPast	olacaktı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	oldu	oldular
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pqp	olmuştu
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olmalıyım	olmalıyız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olmalısın
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olmalıydı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	olmalı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres		olmayalım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres		olalım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres	olmaya
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres	ola
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Pot|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Fut	olamayacak
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Pot|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past	olabildi
Aspect=Prog|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past	oluyormuş
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	oluyorum	oluyoruz
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	oluyorsun	oluyorsunuz
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass	olunmuyordu
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	olmuyor	olmuyorlar
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past	oluyordu
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	oluyor	oluyorlar
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Pot|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	olabiliyorsun
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Pot|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres	olabiliyor

ADJ

2029 tr-pos/ADJ tokens (42% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (2029; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (1242; 61%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (1242; 61%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (260; 13% of non-empty Number): erkekler, kadınlar, aralarında, Türkler, erkeklerin, kadınların, başkalarının, kızlar, başkalarına, gençlerin
• Sing (1769; 87% of non-empty Number): içinde, kadın, arasında, var, kız, yok, ortaya, içine, ilgili, yanında
• EMPTY (2753): yeni, var, iyi, büyük, aynı, son, çok, bütün, yok, başka

Paradigm ara	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	aradan
Case=Abl|Person[psor]=1	Aramızdan
Case=Abl|Person[psor]=3	arasından	aralarından
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=1	Aramızı
Case=Dat	araya
Case=Dat|Person[psor]=1	aramıza
Case=Dat|Person[psor]=3	arasına
Case=Ins	arayla
Case=Loc	arada
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=1	aramızda, aramda
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=2	aranızda
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=3	arasında	aralarında
Case=Nom	ara	aralar
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=2	aran
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=3	arası

PRON

1792 tr-pos/PRON tokens (100% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Number co-occurred: Number[psor]=EMPTY (1498; 84%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (1498; 84%), Person=3 (1031; 58%), PronType=Prs (994; 55%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (372; 21% of non-empty Number): biz, siz, bize, bunlar, bizim, onların, size, bizi, onları, hepsi
• Sing (1420; 79% of non-empty Number): ben, ne, o, bana, bu, beni, onun, benim, onu, ona

Paradigm o	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl|PronType=Dem	ondan
Case=Abl|PronType=Prs	ondan	Onlardan
Case=Acc|PronType=Dem	onu	onları
Case=Acc|PronType=Prs	onu	onları
Case=Dat|PronType=Dem	ona	onlara
Case=Dat|PronType=Prs	ona	onlara
Case=Equ|PronType=Dem	onca
Case=Equ|PronType=Prs	onca
Case=Gen|PronType=Dem	onun	onların
Case=Gen|PronType=Prs	onun	onların
Case=Ins|PronType=Dem	onunla
Case=Ins|PronType=Prs	onunla
Case=Loc|PronType=Prs	onda	onlarda
Case=Nom|PronType=Dem	o, On	onlar
Case=Nom|PronType=Prs	o	onlar

PROPN

1778 tr-pos/PROPN tokens (100% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (1778; 100%), Case=Nom (1246; 70%).

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (7; 0% of non-empty Number): Aztek’lerin, Evenkler, KOBİ’ler, KİT’ler, Yukagirler, Özer’lerden, Özer’lerin
• Sing (1771; 100% of non-empty Number): Kerem, Türkiye, Kemal, Recep, Ayhan, Ramiz, Mebrure, Saffet, Mahmut, Melek

Paradigm Özer	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl		Özer'lerden
Case=Dat	Özer'e
Case=Gen		Özer'lerin
Case=Nom	Özer

Number seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 100% lemmas (723) occur only with one value of Number.

AUX

792 tr-pos/AUX tokens (98% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Number co-occurred: Aspect=Perf (792; 100%), Person=3 (625; 79%), Mood=Ind (556; 70%), Tense=Pres (505; 64%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (81; 10% of non-empty Number): musunuz, ler, yız, ız, lar, sınız, iz, lerdir, ydik, lardır
• Sing (711; 90% of non-empty Number): dır, mı, dir, mi, ydi, dı, ydı, tu, mu, dur
• EMPTY (17): ken, yken, irerken

Paradigm i	Sing	Plur
Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Past	ymışım	ymışız
Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Past	mışsın
Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past	mış, ymiş, ymış, eymiş, ymuş, ostakoviç'miş, edenmiş, immiş, müş, miş
Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Conv	ymişçesine
Mood=Cnd|Person=1|Tense=Pres	sem
Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Tense=Pres	sa, se, yse, siyse, ysa, imse
Mood=Gen|Person=2|Tense=Pres		sinizdir
Mood=Gen|Person=3|Tense=Pres	dır, dir, dur, tir, tur, tır, dür, edir, tür, ledir, ir, üdür, 'dır	lerdir, lardır, dırlar, durlar, etinlerdir
Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Past	ydim, ydım, tum, ydum, düm, dum, dim, tım, dım	ydik, ydık, dik
Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Pres	im, yim, yım, ım, yum, üm	yız, ız, iz, yiz, yüz, yuz
Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Past	erdeydin, ydin, din	ydınız
Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Pres	sın, eredesin, s'ın, usevisin, sun, sin	sınız, imsiniz, lırsınız, sunuz, eredesiniz
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past	ydi, dı, ydı, tu, ydu, tı, di, ti, du, dü, eydi, 'ydi, 'di, 'ydı, ydü, eredeydi, tü, 'dı	ydılar, tılar, ydiler, dular
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres		ler, lar

NUM

268 tr-pos/NUM tokens (16% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (268; 100%), NumType=Card (251; 94%), Case=Nom (150; 56%).

NUM tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (13; 5% of non-empty Number): onlarla, 118’lere, 70’lere, elli’leri, onların, yirmilerinde
• Sing (255; 95% of non-empty Number): yüzde, bir, biri, otuz, bin, birincisi, iki, _, altında, beş
• EMPTY (1439): bir, iki, bin, üç, on, dört, beş, altı, milyon, elli

Paradigm on	Sing	Plur
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=2	on'unu
Case=Ins		onlarla
Case=Loc	on'da
Case=Nom	on
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=2		onların

Number seems to be lexical feature of NUM. 97% lemmas (83) occur only with one value of Number.

ADP

168 tr-pos/ADP tokens (9% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

ADP tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (63; 38% of non-empty Number): lar, ler, ların, kiler, ları, kileri, kilerin, leri, lerin, kilere
• Sing (105; 63% of non-empty Number): lık, lik, a, ki, ı, e, i, ise, anlışlanabilirlik, den
• EMPTY (1716): ki, için, gibi, diye, kadar, li, lı, olarak, sonra, önce

Paradigm ki	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	kinden
Case=Acc	kini	kileri
Case=Dat	kine	kilere
Case=Gen		kilerin
Case=Loc	kinde
Case=Nom	ki, nki	kiler

Relations with Agreement in Number

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Number: NOUN –[nmod:poss]–> NOUN (1105; 78%), NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (904; 77%), VERB –[nsubj]–> NOUN (697; 64%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (516; 84%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (458; 75%), VERB –[nsubj]–> PROPN (301; 86%), NOUN –[compound]–> NOUN (259; 86%), VERB –[nsubj]–> PRON (235; 81%), VERB –[obl]–> PRON (222; 56%), ADJ –[nmod:poss]–> NOUN (219; 75%).

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Number in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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