Polarity: whether the word can be or is negated
In Turkish verbs are negated with the suffix -mA (and its allomorphs).
Only exception is the verb/particle değil which functions as an auxiliary or copula
(it is the main means of negating a copular clause, but it can also be used to negate a verbal clause).
değil is marked as Negative=Neg when it is used as a copula or auxiliary.
We use the POS tag particle when değil is used for negating non-predicates,
in which case we use the feature PronType for marking its negativity.
In Turkish adjectives are normally negated by forming adjectival
clauses with copula ol-, e.g., verimli olmayan “unproductive”
(lit: “(something) that is not productive”).
A non-productive prefix (of Arabic origin), na-, can be used for negating a lexicalized set of adjectives, e.g., namüsait “not suitable”.
We (currently) do not mark adjectives for the Polarity feature.
Pos: positive, affirmative
Examples
- Okuyacak “he/she will read”
- Ali doktor “Ali is a doctor”
Neg: negative
Examples
- Okumayacak “he/she will not read”
- Ali doktor değil “Ali is not a doctor”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This feature is language-specific.
It occurs with 2 different values: Neg, Pos.
9113 tokens (19%) have a non-empty value of Polarity.
5472 types (36%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Polarity.
776 lemmas (14%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Polarity.
The feature is used with 1 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/VERB (9113; 19% instances).
VERB
9113 tr-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Polarity.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Polarity co-occurred: Polite=EMPTY (7977; 88%), Mood=Ind (7883; 87%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (7736; 85%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (7736; 85%), Voice=EMPTY (7675; 84%), Case=EMPTY (7346; 81%), Aspect=Perf (7004; 77%), VerbForm=EMPTY (5224; 57%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Polarity:
Neg(1009; 11% of non-emptyPolarity): değil, olmaz, değildi, değildir, olmadığını, bilmiyorum, değilim, olmayan, olmadığı, olmadıPos(8104; 89% of non-emptyPolarity): dedi, olan, dedim, olduğunu, oldu, olduğu, söyledi, gelen, olur, var
| Paradigm ol | Neg | Pos |
|---|---|---|
| Aspect=Imp|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPast | olurmuş | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor | olursan | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor | olmazsa | olursa |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor | olurlarsa | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor | olmam | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=AorPast | olurdum | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor | olursun | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor | olmaz | olur |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPast | olurdu | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aor | oluruz | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor | olurlar | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor | olabilirim | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=AorPast | olamazdım | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor | olamazsın | |
| Aspect=Imp|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor | olamaz | olabilir |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmamdan | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğundan | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olmayacağından | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığından | olduğundan |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduktan | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmamaktan | olmaktan |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığımızı | olduğumuzu |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadıklarını | olduklarını |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğumu | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olmayacağını | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığını | olduğunu |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | olunduğunu | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmasını | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmayı | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Pot|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olabileceğini | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğuna | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmasına | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmaya | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Mood=Pot|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olabileceğine | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığının | olduğunun |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmasının | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmanın | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | oldukları | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmaları | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğum | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmam | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığı | olduğu, oldukları |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmaması, olmayışı | olması |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun|Voice=Pass | olunması | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olmama | olmak, olma |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Pot|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olabileceği | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Pot|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olabilmesi | |
| Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Pot|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Vnoun | olabilmek | |
| Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmuşlarsa | |
| Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmuştur | |
| Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmamış | olmuş |
| Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmuşlar | |
| Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmuş | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut | olacaksa | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olduysa | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past | olsaydım | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | olmasam | olsam |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olsaydı | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olsa | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres | olmasanız | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olmasalar | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=GenNec|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olmalıdır | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut | olacaktır | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres | ol | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olmasın | olsun |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres | olun | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past | oldum | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pqp | olmuştum | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut | olacaksın | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past | oldun | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut | olmayacak | olacak |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=FutPast | olacaktı | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmadı | oldu |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqp | olmamıştı | olmuştu |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut | olmayacağız | olacağız |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past | olduk | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut | olacaksınız | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut | olacaklar | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past | oldular | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğumuz | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadıkları | oldukları |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olduğum | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olmayacağı | olacağı |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part | olmadığı | olduğu |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part | olmayacak | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv | olmadan, olmayıp | olup, olunca, oldukça, olalı |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part | olmayan | olan |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | olmalıyım | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres | olmalısın | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olmalıydı | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olmalı | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | olmalıyız | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | olmaya | ola |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | olmayalım | olalım |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut | olamayacak | |
| Aspect=Perf|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | olabildi | |
| Aspect=Prog|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past | oluyormuş | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | oluyorum | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | oluyorsun | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past | oluyordu | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | olunmuyordu | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | olmuyor | oluyor |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | oluyoruz | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | oluyorsunuz | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | olmuyorlar | oluyorlar |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | olabiliyorsun | |
| Aspect=Prog|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres | olabiliyor | |
| Aspect=Rapid|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv | oluverip |
Relations with Agreement in Polarity
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Polarity:
VERB –[nmod]–> VERB (715; 86%),
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (629; 83%),
VERB –[obj]–> VERB (531; 79%),
VERB –[acl]–> VERB (162; 84%),
VERB –[nsubj]–> VERB (94; 80%),
VERB –[compound]–> VERB (38; 72%),
VERB –[nmod:poss]–> VERB (22; 88%),
VERB –[compound:redup]–> VERB (19; 100%),
VERB –[compound:lvc]–> VERB (8; 89%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (5; 100%).
Polarity in other languages: [u]