acl: clausal modifier of noun
acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal.
The head of the acl relation is the noun that is modified,
and the dependent is the head of the clause that modifies the noun.
Like non-clausal adjectives, most adjectival clauses in Turkish precede the noun they modify. The only exception is the adjectival clauses formed by ki that is similar to English relative pronouns “which” or “who” (not to be confused by suffix -ki).
The primary means of subordination, including forming adjectival clauses, is through the subordinating suffixes attached to the head of the subordinate clause. The adjectival clauses formed by -ki is not as frequent and cover only a limited range uses of adjectival clauses.
Ali'nin okuduğu kitap \n The book that Ali is reading
acl(kitap, okuduğu)
Ali , ki çok kitap okur , henüz son kitabını okumamış. \n Ali, who reads a lot, hasn't read your last book yet
acl(Ali, okur)
mark(okur, ki)
Almost all adjectival clauses in Turkish are relative clauses. There are only a few marginal constructions where a pronoun referring to the modified noun can be present in the subordinate clause.
Ali , ki onu\/kendisini üç gündür görmüyorduk , evde kitap okuyormuş \n Ali, who we haven't been seeing (him\/himself) for three days, has apparently been reading books at home
acl(Ali, görmüyorduk)
mark(görmüyorduk, ki)
We currently do not mark (non-)relative clauses differently.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This relation is universal.
1206 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as acl.
1199 instances of acl (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.52155887230514.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/VERB (799; 66% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/VERB (193; 16% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/VERB (103; 9% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/VERB (77; 6% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/VERB (11; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/VERB (8; 1% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/VERB (7; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/PUNCT-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/CCONJ-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/INTJ-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Yüzüstü yüzüst NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 6 nmod _ _
2 bırakınca bırak VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv 1 compound _ _
3 bayıldığı bayıl VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 acl _ _
4 avukat avukat NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Punc _ 6 punct _ _
6 yoldan yol NOUN Noun Case=Abl|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ _
7 çıkmış çık VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Evident=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past 6 compound _ _
8 kızcağız kızcağız NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 ... ... PUNCT Punc _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Güneş güneş NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 nsubj _ _
2 tepeye tepe NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 obl _ _
3 vardığında var VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Loc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 acl _ _
4 evin ev NOUN Noun Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 nmod:poss _ _
5 etrafında etraf NOUN Noun Case=Loc|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 7 nmod _ _
6 ki ki ADP Rel _ 5 case _ _
7 hareket hareket NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 nsubj _ _
8 de de CCONJ Conj _ 7 advmod:emph _ _
9 artıyor art VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Polite=Infm|Tense=Pres 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punc _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Ve ve CCONJ Conj _ 5 conj _ _
2 kendi kendi PRON Reflex Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3|Reflex=Yes 3 nmod _ _
3 merceklerinden mercek NOUN Noun Case=Abl|Number=Plur|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 4 obl _ _
4 bakıldığında bak VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Loc|Mood=Ind|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _
5 haklı haklı ADJ NAdj Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ _
6 lar i AUX Zero Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres 5 cop _ _
7 . . PUNCT Punc _ 5 punct _ _
acl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]