acl: clausal modifier of noun
acl is used for clauses that modify a noun (in contrast to advcl which is used for clauses that modify a predicate). Clausal modifiers may precede the noun, and may be formed with (1) or without (2) the relativizer 的 de. They may also be postnominal, in which case they are simply juxtaposed after the noun without any linking function words (3-5).
# visual-style 4 2 acl color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
1 人 _ NOUN _ _ 2 nsubj _ people
2 説 _ VERB _ _ 4 acl _ say
3 的 _ PART _ _ 2 mark:rel _ REL
4 話 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ words
1 "words _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 (that) _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 people _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 say" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 1 acl color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 治 _ VERB _ _ 3 acl _ cure
2 病 _ NOUN _ _ 1 obj _ illnesses
3 方面 _ NOUN _ _ 5 nmod _ aspect
4 的 _ PART _ _ 3 case _ GEN
5 問題 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ matter
1 "the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 matter _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 regarding _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 aspect _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 of _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 curing _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 illnesses" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Postnominal clausal modifiers (known as “descriptive clauses” in Li & Thompson, 1981) are headed by V2 in a [(NP1) V1 NP2 V2-clause] structure, where NP2 (i.e., the second noun phrase) is the direct object of V1 and the V2-clause describes information regarding NP2. This analysis is contingent on the [(NP1) V1 NP2 V2-clause] sequence being a single sentence with one intonational phrase and no pause in between.
# visual-style 2 3 acl color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 有 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ exist
2 機會 _ NOUN _ _ 1 obj _ chance
3 學壞 _ VERB _ _ 2 acl _ learn-bad
1 "There's _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 chance _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 of _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 learning _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 bad _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 people." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 4 6 acl color:blue
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
1 我們 _ PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ 1PL
2 突然 _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ suddenly
3 有 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ have
4 事 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obj _ things
5 要 _ AUX _ _ 6 aux _ need
6 忙 _ VERB _ _ 4 acl _ be-busy-at
1 "We _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 suddenly _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 have _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 things _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 need _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 busy _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 attending _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 to." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 5 6 acl color:blue
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
1 我 _ PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ 1SG
2 昨天 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obl:tmod _ yesterday
3 收 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ receive
4 到 _ VERB _ _ 3 compound:vv _ arrive
5 信 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obj _ letter
6 説 _ VERB _ _ 5 acl _ say
7 我 _ PRON _ _ 8 nmod _ 1SG
8 帳户 _ NOUN _ _ 9 nsubj _ account
9 没 _ VERB _ _ 6 ccomp _ not-have
10 錢 _ NOUN _ _ 9 obj _ money
11 了 _ PART _ _ 9 discourse:sp _ SP
1 "I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 received _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 letter _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 yesterday _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 saying _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 my _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 bank _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 account _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
11 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
12 empty." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
References
- Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. University of California Press.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Chinese)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.
4951 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as acl.
3439 instances of acl (69%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.32963037770147.
The following 43 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/VERB (2912; 59% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADP (859; 17% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NOUN (325; 7% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/NOUN (152; 3% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/ADP (108; 2% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/NOUN (97; 2% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/VERB (90; 2% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/ADJ (90; 2% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/NOUN (85; 2% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/PART (40; 1% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/VERB (35; 1% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/ADP (31; 1% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/VERB (22; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/VERB (12; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/ADP (9; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/ADP (8; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NUM (7; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/ADP (7; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/ADP (6; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/NUM (6; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PART (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PART (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/X (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/X (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/SYM-zh-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/SYM-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/VERB-zh-pos/X (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 7 acl color:blue
1 五 五 NUM CD NumType=Card 2 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 月 月 NOUN NNB _ 4 clf _ SpaceAfter=No
3 二十一 二十一 NUM CD NumType=Card 4 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 日 日 NOUN NNB _ 8 nmod:tmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
6 努爾哈赤 努爾哈赤 PROPN NNP _ 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 出城 出城 VERB VV _ 8 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 迎接 迎接 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
9 前來 前來 VERB VV _ 15 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 瀋陽 瀋陽 PROPN NNP _ 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 的 的 PART DEC _ 9 mark:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 科爾沁 科爾沁 PROPN NNP _ 13 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
13 部 部 PART SFN _ 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
14 奧巴 奧巴 PROPN NNP _ 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
15 貝勒 貝勒 NOUN NN _ 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 14 acl color:blue
1 但是 但是 ADV RB _ 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
2 迪士尼 迪士尼 PROPN NNP _ 5 det _ SpaceAfter=No
3 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 2 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
4 公主 公主 NOUN NN _ 5 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
5 們 們 PART SFN Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
6 不會 不會 AUX MD _ 9 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
7 都 都 ADV RB _ 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 太 太 ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 侷限 侷限 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 於 於 VERB VV _ 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
11 一 一 NUM CD NumType=Card 12 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 個 個 NOUN NNB _ 13 clf _ SpaceAfter=No
13 範圍 範圍 NOUN NN _ 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
14 之內 之內 ADP IN _ 13 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
15 了 了 X UH _ 9 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No
16 嗎 嗎 X UH Mood=Inter 9 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No
17 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 11 acl color:blue
1 在 在 VERB VV _ 12 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
2 平原 平原 NOUN NN _ 1 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
3 、 、 PUNCT EC _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
4 塔 塔 NOUN NN _ 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 、 、 PUNCT EC _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
6 洞窟 洞窟 NOUN NN _ 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 、 、 PUNCT EC _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
8 海 海 NOUN NN _ 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 或 或 CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ SpaceAfter=No
10 迷宮 迷宮 NOUN NN _ 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 中 中 NOUN NN _ 2 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 移動 移動 VERB VV _ 23 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
13 時 時 ADP IN _ 12 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
14 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
15 玩家 玩家 NOUN NN _ 23 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 將 將 ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
17 會 會 AUX MD _ 23 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
18 和 和 ADP IN _ 22 case _ SpaceAfter=No
19 隨機 隨機 ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
20 遇到 遇到 VERB VV _ 22 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
21 的 的 PART DEC _ 20 mark:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
22 敵人 敵人 NOUN NN _ 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
23 作戰 作戰 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
24 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
acl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]