acl: clausal modifier of noun
acl is used for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun, including cases of secondary predication.
Note that in French relative clauses get assigned a specific relation acl:relcl, a subtype of acl.
Non-relative clausal dependents of nouns are limited to complement clauses with a subset of nouns like fait (fact). We analyze them as acl (parallel to the analysis of this class as “content clauses” in Huddleston and Pullum 2002).
Comment est-ce que cela peut être réconcilié avec le fait que beaucoup de mariages cassent ? \n How can that be reconciled with the fact that many marriages break up?
acl(fait, cassent)
Une photo de ce qui s'est passé \n A picture of what happens
acl(photo, passé)
Un culte nourri d'influences d'anciens mythes \n A cult nourrished with influences from old myths
acl(culte, nourri)
The acl relation is also used for secondary predicates modifying a nominal:
Il quitta la pièce pleurant . \n He left the room crying .
acl(Il, pleurant)
FrenchSpoken also uses the acl relation:
on va donc avoir nos regards braqués sur l'hémisphère sud \n so we will be focused on the southern hemisphere
acl(regards, braqués)
la difficulté à vivre \n a difficulty to live with
acl(difficulté,vivre)
mark(vivre,à)
j'avais de la chance d' avoir des enfants qui travaillaient \n I was lucky to have children who were working
acl(chance,avoir)
mark(avoir,d')
N.B.: For cleft sentences FrenchSpoken uses a subrelation of acl : the acl:cleft relation.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.
6925 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as acl.
6536 instances of acl (94%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.79696750902527.
The following 26 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (4154; 60% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (1689; 24% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (504; 7% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (252; 4% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (206; 3% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (46; 1% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/VERB (20; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (8; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADJ (7; 0% instances), fr-pos/X-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/SYM-fr-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 10 acl color:blue
1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 verra voir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 puits puits NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ _
5 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
6 plus plus ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ _
7 profond profond ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
8 de de ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
9 France France PROPN _ _ 4 nmod _ _
10 porter porter VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 4 acl _ _
11 son son DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _
12 nom nom NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ _
13 : : PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 acl color:blue
1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
2 a avoir AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _
3 fini finir VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
4 par par ADP _ _ 6 mark _ _
5 le le PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _
6 faire faire VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 3 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 1 acl color:blue
1 Secourue secourir VERB _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 acl _ _
2 par par ADP _ _ 3 case _ _
3 Mitterrand Mitterrand PROPN _ _ 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
5 Marguerite Marguerite PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ _
6 Duras Duras PROPN _ _ 5 flat:name _ _
7 réussit réussir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 à à ADP _ _ 10 mark _ _
9 s' se PRON _ Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 échapper échapper VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 7 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.
291 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as acl.
277 instances of acl (95%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.40549828178694.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (272; 93% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (10; 3% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (5; 2% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 6 acl color:blue
1 créer créer VERB V VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
2 et et CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
3 reproduire reproduire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 1 conj _ _
4 des un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 det _ _
5 oeuvres oeuvre NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 obj _ _
6 dites dire VERB V Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 acl _ _
7 derivées dérivé ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 8 acl color:blue
1 Toute tout DET DI Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 2 det _ _
2 personne personne NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 a avoir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 droit droit NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ _
5 à à ADP E _ 6 case _ _
6 ce ce PRON PD Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 obl _ _
7 que que SCONJ CS _ 8 mark _ _
8 règne règner VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
10 sur sur ADP E _ 12 case _ _
11 le le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 plan plan NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ _
13 social social ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ _
14 et et CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _
15 sur sur ADP E _ 17 case _ _
16 le le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 17 det _ _
17 plan plan NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ _
18 international international ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
19 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
20 un un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 21 det _ _
21 ordre ordre NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
22 tel tel ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 amod _ _
23 que que SCONJ CS _ 35 mark _ _
24 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 25 det _ _
25 droits droit NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _
26 et et CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _
27 libertés liberté NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 conj _ _
28 énoncés énoncer VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 acl _ _
29 dans dans ADP E _ 32 case _ _
30 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 32 det _ _
31 présente présent ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 amod _ _
32 déclaration déclaration NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obl _ _
33 puissent pouvoir AUX VM Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _
34 y y PRON P PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _
35 trouver trouver VERB V VerbForm=Inf 21 acl _ _
36 plein plein ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 amod _ _
37 effet effet NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
38 . . PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 acl color:blue
1 Les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 crédits crédits NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _
3 sont être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _
4 autorisés autoriser VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
5 par par ADP E _ 7 case _ _
6 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ SpaceAfter=No
7 autorité autorité NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl:agent _ _
8 budgétaire budgétaire ADJ A Number=Sing 7 acl _ _
9 dans dans ADP E _ 11 case _ _
10 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 limite limite NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ _
12 de de ADP E _ 14 case _ _
13 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 14 det _ _
14 perspectives perspectives NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _
15 financières financier ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.
1040 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as acl.
996 instances of acl (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 4.01923076923077.
The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (878; 84% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (53; 5% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (42; 4% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (20; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (14; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (7; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADJ (7; 1% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 acl color:blue
1 Quel quel ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ _
3 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 risque risque NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ _
5 associé associer VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 acl _ _
6 à à ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
7 l' le DET _ Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ SpaceAfter=No
8 utilisation utilisation NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ _
9 d' de ADP _ _ 10 case _ SpaceAfter=No
10 Aclasta Aclasta PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ _
11 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 3 acl color:blue
1 - - PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ _
2 ^ ^ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ _
3 cf. cf. VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 11 acl _ _
4 " " PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 Le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 conseil conseil NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
7 démissionne démissionner VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 " " PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ _
10 L' L' PROPN _ _ 11 det _ SpaceAfter=No
11 Équipe Équipe PROPN _ _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
12 , , PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ _
13 11 11 NUM _ NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _
14 mai mai NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _
15 2006 2006 NUM _ NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 acl color:blue
1 Voilà voilà VERB _ Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 qui qui PRON _ PronType=Rel 1 obj _ _
3 n' ne ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 augure augurer VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl _ _
5 rien rien PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 4 obj _ _
6 de de ADP _ _ 7 mark _ _
7 bon bon ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl _ _
8 selon selon ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
9 moi soi PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
acl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]