acl: clausal modifier of noun
The dependency type acl is used for relative clauses and clausal complements of nouns.
For a relative clause, the head of the dependency is the noun modified by the clause,
and the dependant is the main predicate of the clause.
太郎 が 食べ た リンゴ \n Taro NOM eat PAST apple
acl(リンゴ, 食べ)
case(太郎, が)
aux(食べ, た)
Formal noun こと / koto “fact” can have a clausal complement and forms a noun phrase denoting the action expressed by the clause. For a example, 走る / hashiru “run” こと / koto “fact” means running (or a fact that someone runs).
ほめ られ た こと \n praise PASSIVE PAST fact
acl(こと, ほめ)
auxpass(ほめ, られ)
aux(ほめ, た)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese)
This relation is universal.
13863 nodes (8%) are attached to their parents as acl.
13863 instances of acl (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.35028493111159.
The following 38 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/VERB (5528; 40% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/VERB (4141; 30% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADJ (1385; 10% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/ADJ (1241; 9% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/VERB (542; 4% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/VERB (324; 2% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/ADJ (221; 2% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NOUN (134; 1% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/VERB (82; 1% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/NOUN (57; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/ADJ (47; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/NUM (27; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/VERB (17; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADV-ja-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/ADV (14; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PROPN (13; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NUM (12; 0% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/ADJ (10; 0% instances), ja-pos/PUNCT-ja-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADV-ja-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/CCONJ-ja-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), ja-pos/PUNCT-ja-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADP-ja-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), ja-pos/CCONJ-ja-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADP-ja-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/SYM-ja-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/SYM-ja-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 22 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 22 fgColor:white
# visual-style 22 11 acl color:blue
1 同僚 同僚 NOUN _ _ 2 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
2 教師 教師 NOUN _ _ 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 の の ADP _ _ 2 case _ SpaceAfter=No
4 すみれ すみれ PROPN _ _ 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 と と ADP _ _ 4 case _ SpaceAfter=No
6 彩 彩 PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 は は ADP _ _ 6 case _ SpaceAfter=No
8 そんな そんな ADJ _ _ 9 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 夕子 夕子 PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 と と ADP _ _ 9 case _ SpaceAfter=No
11 意気投合 意気投合 VERB _ _ 22 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 し する AUX _ _ 11 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
13 、 、 PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
14 問題 問題 NOUN _ _ 16 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 を を ADP _ _ 14 case _ SpaceAfter=No
16 解決 解決 VERB _ _ 22 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
17 する する AUX _ _ 16 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
18 ため ため SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
19 行動 行動 NOUN _ _ 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
20 を を ADP _ _ 19 case _ SpaceAfter=No
21 共に 共に ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
22 する する VERB _ _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
23 。 。 PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 3 acl color:blue
1 背中 背中 NOUN _ _ 3 iobj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 に に ADP _ _ 1 case _ SpaceAfter=No
3 背負っ 背負う VERB _ _ 5 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
4 た た AUX _ _ 3 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
5 ブースター ブースター NOUN _ _ 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
6 を を ADP _ _ 5 case _ SpaceAfter=No
7 使っ 使う VERB _ _ 12 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 て て SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
9 空中 空中 NOUN _ _ 10 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
10 飛行 飛行 NOUN _ _ 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 を を ADP _ _ 10 case _ SpaceAfter=No
12 行う 行う VERB _ _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
13 。 。 PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 acl color:blue
1 姉 姉 NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
2 と と ADP _ _ 1 case _ SpaceAfter=No
3 同じ 同じ ADJ _ _ 4 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
4 先生 先生 NOUN _ _ 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
5 だっ だ AUX _ _ 4 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
6 た た AUX _ _ 4 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
7 ので ので SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 、 、 PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 話 話 NOUN _ _ 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 やすかっ やすい ADJ _ _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
11 た た AUX _ _ 10 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
12 です だ AUX _ _ 10 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
13 。 。 PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)
This relation is universal.
5910 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as acl.
5910 instances of acl (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.97478849407783.
The following 23 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/VERB (4834; 82% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NOUN (450; 8% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADJ (408; 7% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/VERB (129; 2% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/DET (15; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADV (10; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/VERB (9; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PROPN (8; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/ADJ (6; 0% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), ja-pos/CONJ-ja-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/CONJ-ja-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 8 acl color:blue
1 _ 然し CONJ CONJ _ 13 cc _ Offset=0-3
2 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ Offset=3-4
3 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 4 compound _ Offset=4-5
4 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 8 nsubj _ Offset=5-8
5 _ _ ADP ADP _ 4 case _ Offset=8-9
6 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 8 iobj _ Offset=9-12
7 _ _ ADP ADP _ 6 case _ Offset=12-13
8 _ _ VERB VERB _ 11 acl _ Offset=13-15
9 _ 為る AUX AUX _ 8 aux _ Offset=15-16
10 _ _ AUX AUX _ 8 aux _ Offset=16-17
11 _ 事 NOUN NOUN _ 13 nsubj _ Offset=17-19
12 _ _ ADP ADP _ 11 case _ Offset=19-20
13 _ 有る VERB VERB _ 25 advcl _ Offset=20-22
14 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 13 punct _ Offset=22-23
15 _ クボ PROPN PROPN _ 16 compound _ Offset=23-25
16 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 25 nsubj _ Offset=25-26
17 _ _ ADP ADP _ 16 case _ Offset=26-27
18 _ 先駆け NOUN NOUN _ 21 nmod _ Offset=27-31
19 _ _ ADP ADP _ 18 case _ Offset=31-32
20 _ _ ADP ADP _ 18 case _ Offset=32-33
21 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 25 iobj _ Offset=33-35
22 _ _ ADP ADP _ 21 case _ Offset=35-36
23 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 25 dobj _ Offset=36-38
24 _ _ ADP ADP _ 23 case _ Offset=38-39
25 _ 持つ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ Offset=39-41
26 _ _ SCONJ SCONJ _ 25 mark _ Offset=41-42
27 _ 居る AUX AUX _ 25 aux _ Offset=42-44
28 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 25 punct _ Offset=44-45
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 9 acl color:blue
1 _ _ ADV ADV _ 12 advmod _ Offset=0-2
2 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 3 compound _ Offset=2-3
3 _ _ PROPN PROPN _ 4 compound _ Offset=3-5
4 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 8 dobj _ Offset=5-7
5 _ _ ADP ADP _ 4 case _ Offset=7-8
6 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 8 nmod _ Offset=8-10
7 _ _ ADP ADP _ 6 case _ Offset=10-12
8 _ 作る VERB VERB _ 9 acl _ Offset=12-15
9 _ 積り NOUN NOUN _ 12 acl _ Offset=15-18
10 _ だ AUX AUX _ 9 cop _ Offset=18-20
11 _ _ AUX AUX _ 9 aux _ Offset=20-21
12 _ 訳 NOUN NOUN _ 0 root _ Offset=21-23
13 _ _ ADP ADP _ 12 case _ Offset=23-24
14 _ _ ADP ADP _ 12 dep _ Offset=24-25
15 _ 無い AUX AUX _ 12 dep _ Offset=25-27
16 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 12 punct _ Offset=27-28
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 acl color:blue
1 _ _ ADJ ADJ _ 2 amod _ Offset=0-3
2 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 4 nsubj _ Offset=3-5
3 _ _ ADP ADP _ 2 case _ Offset=5-6
4 _ _ ADJ ADJ _ 5 acl _ Offset=6-8
5 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 7 nmod _ Offset=8-10
6 _ _ ADP ADP _ 5 case _ Offset=10-11
7 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 9 nsubj _ Offset=11-12
8 _ _ ADP ADP _ 7 case _ Offset=12-13
9 _ 勝つ VERB VERB _ 18 iobj _ Offset=13-15
10 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 9 punct _ Offset=15-16
11 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 13 nsubj _ Offset=16-18
12 _ _ ADP ADP _ 11 case _ Offset=18-19
13 _ _ ADJ ADJ _ 14 acl _ Offset=19-21
14 _ _ NOUN NOUN _ 16 dep _ Offset=21-23
15 _ _ PART PART _ 14 case _ Offset=23-25
16 _ _ VERB VERB _ 9 conj _ Offset=25-28
17 _ _ ADP ADP _ 9 case _ Offset=28-29
18 _ _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ Offset=29-31
19 _ _ PUNCT PUNCT _ 18 punct _ Offset=31-32
acl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]